Materials Science and Engineering, B21 (1993) 249-252 249
Metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxial growth of symmetricallystrained
(Gain)As/Ga (PAs) superlattices
S. Lutgen, T. Marschner, T. F. Albrecht, W. Stolz* and E. O. G6bel
Materials Sciences Center and Department of Physics, Philipps-University, D-35032 Marburg (Germany)
L. Tapfer
CN.R.S.M., I- 72100 Brindisi (Italy)
Abstract
Novel symmetrically strained (Galn)As/Ga(PAs) superlattices (symm. SLS) are realized by metal-organic vapour-phase
epitaxy (MOVPE). The structural and optical properties of the symm. SLS are determined by means of high-resolution
X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as by photoluminescence (PL) and excitation spectroscopy (PLE) and are compared also
to one-side strained (Galn)As/GaAs as well as Ga(PAs)/GaAs SLS. The optimization of growth conditions with respect
to substrate misorientation and growth temperature is presented and discussed. In order to realize high-quality symm.
SLS, it is important to avoid growth surface irregularities, i.e. steps introduced by substrate misorientation, or rough
surface morphologies, leading to an enhanced strain relaxation. The residual average lattice mismatch is below 5 x 10-4
for 50 period SLS layers, having lattice mismatches of up to + 2.4 x 10- 2 in the individual layers. Because of this almost
perfect symmetric strain profile, the SL critical thickness becomes much larger than the typical layer thickness. Narrow
XRD linewidths for the superlattice satellite peaks of 20" to 30" (FWHM) are obtained. First PL and PLE studies are
briefly described and discussed with respect to the exciton binding energy in this system, providing indication of a
considerably reduced in-plane hole mass in these symm. SLS.
1. Introduction
Strained IIl/V-semiconductor heterostructures are
becoming increasingly important, particularly for
applications in optoelectronic devices [1], primarily
due to the possibility of designing the valence band
structure as a function of the incorporated strain. In
strained layer superlattices (SLS), however, two critical
layer thickness types exist with respect to strain relaxa-
tion by incorporation of misfit dislocations, one being
the critical thickness of the individual layers, the other
the critical thickness of the total superlattice layer
structure. Therefore, severe limitations exist for the
strain level and/or thickness of the individual layers as
well as for the number of periods in the superlattice
structure.
So far, most of the work has concentrated on struc-
tures containing one-side strained epitaxial layers, as in
the case of the (GaIn)As/GaAs material system. In
order to overcome the limitations with respect to the
superlattice critical thickness, the growth of symmetric-
ally strained layer superlattices (symm. SLS), i.e. alter-
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
nating layers with built-in compressive and tensile
strain, by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy
(MOVPE) has been studied for the (GaIn)As/Ga(PAs)
material system on GaAs substrate. First reports on
symm. SLS systems have recently been published for
modulator structures in the (GaIn)As/Ga(PAs) on
GaAs material system, grown by gas source molecular
beam epitaxy (GSMBE) [2] as well as in the
In(PAs)(GaIn)P on InP system, grown by chemical
beam epitaxy (CBE) [3] and for laser applications in
the (GaIn)(PAs)/(GaIn)(PAs) on InP system grown by
MOVPE [4]. In the present work, the optimization of
the MOVPE growth conditions of (GaIn)As/Ga(PAs)
symm. SLS with respect to substrate misorientation
and growth temperature, as well as the first investiga-
tions of structural and optical properties, are reported
and discussed. They indicate the high-crystalline
quality achievable with these novel symm. SLS in com-
parison to one-side strained SLS.
2. Experimental details
The MOVPE growth studies have been performed
using commercial equipment (Aix 200, Aixtron Corp.)
at a reactor pressure of 100 mbar for growth tempera-
0921-5107/93/$6.00 © 1993 - Elsevier Sequoia. All rights reserved