e Pergamon
Wal. Sci. Tech. Vol. 33, No. 10-11, pp. 15-24. 1996.
Copyright © 1996 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved.
0273-1223/96 S15·00 + 0·00
PH: S0273-1223(96)00402-7
TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTEWATER
TREATMENT APPROPRIATE FOR REUSE:
POTENTIAL FOR APPLICATIONS IN
GREECE
George Tchobanoglolls* and Andreas N. Angelakis**
* Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of California at Davis. Davis. CA 95616, USA
** National Foundation for Agricultural Research. Institute of lraklio,
P. O. Box 1841,71 I 10 lraklio. Crete. Greece
ABSTRACT
During the past 15 years, a wide variety of technologies have been developed that can be used for the
treatment of wastewater for reuse applications. To assess the need for alternative technologies, potential
reuse applications are reviewed. Changes in wastewater management, including the growing importance of
decentralized wastewater management, is examined. The role of decentralized wastewater management is
considered with respect to wastewater treatment, reclamation, and reuse. Technologies are presented and
discussed for a wide range of reuse applications, ranging from individual homes to large centralized
systems. The performance of representative technologies is assessed. A brief review of the water resources
of Greece is presented to provide some perspective on the potential for wastewater reclamation and reuse
in Greece. Copyright © 1996 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
KEYWORDS
Appropriate technologies; decentralized wastewater management; wastewater reuse; wastewater
reclamation; wastewater technologies; water resources in Greece; potential for wastewater reuse in
Greece.
INTRODUCTION
The importance of wastewater reclamation in the field of water resources management is now commonly
acknowledged. Similarly, the important role of wastewater reclamation in maintaining a sustainable
environment is also gaining wider acceptance. Recognizing the many applications and benefits of
wastewater reclamation, the purposes of this paper are fourfold. The first purpose is to review potential
reuse applications to provide a frame of reference for the effluent quality and the degree of reliability that
may be required, and to identify issues and impediments to implementation. The second purpose is to
review changing concepts in the management of wastewater and the impact of these changes on wastewater
reclamation. The third purpose is to review appropriate technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse.
The fourth purpose is to present a brief overview of water resources management in Greece. The material
presented in this paper is meant to serve as an introduction to these topics. Specific details on the these
topics will be presented throughout the conference.
WASTEWATER REUSE APPLICATIONS
In the planning and implementation of wastewater reclamation and reuse, the reuse application (see Table
15