Development and Sensitivity Analysis of Wildland Fire Emission Inventories for 2002-2006 Sean M. Raffuse, Dana Coe Sullivan, Lyle R. Chinkin, and Erin K. Gilliland Sonoma Technology, Inc., 1455 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954 sraffuse@sonomatech.com Narasimhan Larkin and Robert Solomon USDA Forest Service, 400 N. 34th Street, Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 larkin@fs.fed.us Thompson G. Pace USEPA OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 pace.tom@epamail.epa.gov ABSTRACT The BlueSky smoke modeling framework and the Satellite Mapping Automatic Reanalysis Tool for Fire Incident Reconciliation (SMARTFIRE) were applied to facilitate the development of day-specific wildland fire emission inventories for the continental U.S. SMARTFIRE was used to generate activity data (acres burned). The FCCS, CONSUME 3.0, and FEPS models were used within the BlueSky framework to model vegetation distribution, fuel consumption, and emission rates, respectively. Emission inventories have been prepared with satellite data only and with human-observed fires only for comparison to the inventories prepared using SMARTFIRE (i.e., satellite data reconciled with human observations). Different fire information sources can have significant impacts on the resulting estimated emissions. Uncertainty in the emission inventories is currently being explored by evaluating the sensitivity of the results to the fire information inputs. INTRODUCTION Globally, wildland fire (wildfire and prescribed burning of forests and rangelands) contributes significantly to atmospheric pollution. Pollutants emitted from fires include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and acrolein (a regulated hazardous air pollutant [HAP]) (Andreae and Merlet, 2001). In the United States, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that 22% of the primary emissions of non-dust particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ) came from non-residential fires in 2001 [970,000 tons, source: AirData web site, http://www.epa.gov/air/data/ ]. Exposure to wildfire smoke has been associated with increased eye and respiratory symptoms, medication use, physician visits, and exacerbated asthma (Kuenzli et al., 2006). Emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from fires contribute ozone formation in the troposphere (the key component of photochemical smog). Estimates of the magnitude of tropospheric ozone from biomass burning range from less than 15% to 40% of the global total (Levine et al., 1995; Galanter et al., 2000). Carbon particles from fires also contribute to climate forcing, both