Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Zirconia:10 mol% Scandia Solid Electrolytes
During and After Sintering
R. Muccillo, and G. C. C. Costa
CMDMC - Center of Science and Technology of Materials, Energy and Nuclear Research
Institute, Cidade Universitária, S. Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
ZrO
2
:10 mol%Sc
2
O
3
(10ScSZ) powders were synthesized by the
polyacrylamide technique (route I) and the polymeric precursor
technique (route II). Attrition milling was used to break up powder
agglomerates. The evolution of the distribution of particle size
upon attrition milling was evaluated by laser scattering. Impedance
spectroscopy measurements were carried out in cold-pressed
powders in the 500 C-1400 C range during sintering and in the
300-500 C range after sintering. Upon sintering, the decrease of
the total electrical resistivity of the specimens prepared with both
powders is similar. Nanosize ZrO
2
:10 mol% Sc
2
O
3
powders
synthesized by route I are less sinteractive than powders
synthesized by route II due to formation of agglomerates, which
produce, upon sintering, pellets with intragranular pores. Sintered
pellets using powders prepared by route I have lower electrical
conductivity than pellets using powders prepared by route II.
Introduction
Stabilized zirconia ceramics are widely used as solid electrolytes in oxygen sensing
devices and in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The most used compounds are ZrO
2
:MgO,
ZrO
2
:CaO and ZrO
2
:Y
2
O
3
ceramics in disposable high temperature (1550-1600 C)
oxygen sensors, in permanent (600 C) oxygen sensors and in SOFCs (900 C-1000 C),
respectively. The required electrical conductivity of oxygen ions for operating a SOFC is
10
-1
S/cm. YSZ reaches this value at 1000 C. The reduction of the working temperature
of SOFCs down to 600-700 C needs either the development of new solid electrolytes or
somehow improving the actual ones. ZrO
2
:Sc
2
O
3
is a promising solid electrolyte for that
application (1,2). The reason is that cubic ZrO
2
:Sc
2
O
3
has oxide ion conductivities at 600-
800 C similar to the ones of cubic ZrO
2
:Y
2
O
3
at 800-1000 C, allowing for designing
SOFCs for operation at lower temperatures with the usual benefits (3-5). It is known that
the highest ionic conductivity of the zirconia solid solutions is that of ZrO
2
:Sc
2
O
3
(2, 6-
8).
Structural analysis of ZrO
2
:(7-13) mol% Sc
2
O
3
by X-ray diffraction shows two
different structures, the cubic fluorite and the rhombohedral pyrochlore phase, in
agreement with the phase diagram (9). Scandia-stabilized zirconia exhibits a cubic phase
for scandia contents 10 mol% and shows a maximum ionic conductivity value for the 10
mol% Sc
2
O
3
-doped ZrO
2
(5). There are many other reports on the structural phases of the
ZrO
2
:Sc
2
O
3
system (10-12).
ECS Transactions, 13 (26) 61-73 (2008)
10.1149/1.3050378 ©The Electrochemical Society
61