ISSN 1063-7850, Technical Physics Letters, 2014, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 495–498. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2014.
Original Russian Text © G.S. Sokolovskii, S.N. Losev, K.K. Soboleva, V.V. Dyudelev, A.G. Deryagin, W. Sibbett, V.I. Kuchinskii, E.U. Rafailov, 2014, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal
Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 2014, Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 53–59.
495
Recently, much interest has been shown in Bessel
light beams because of their ability to propagate at
large distances without divergence [1]; i.e., they are
very promising for devices designed at manipulating
microscopic and nanoscale objects (the so-called
optical tweezers [2, 3]), controlling micromachines
[4], and some other applications. Bessel beams can be
formed by transforming Gaussian beams, passing
them through an axicon (conical lens) [5, 6]. When a
light wave passes through an axicon, it is refracted and
interferes so that its radial intensity distribution is
described by the first-kind Bessel function of zero
order [5]. Projection of a Bessel beam on a screen
appears to be a bright spot surrounded by a system of
concentric rings. The number of rings and the propa-
gation length of the nondivergent beam are deter-
mined by the aperture and axicon vertex angle. For
spatial propagation, the central maximum of the inter-
ference pattern retains the same width with weak
intensity oscillations, thus providing energy transfer
over large distances.
It was believed for a long time that the formation of
Bessel beams requires highly coherent light sources;
therefore, they can only be generated by gas and solid-
state lasers. Thus, optical tweezers based on Bessel
beams appeared to be cumbersome and expensive
tools. However, it was shown a few years ago [7] that,
with strong orificing, one can form invariant light
beams even from a halogen lamp (which is an incoher-
ent light source). Although orificing leads to signifi-
cant optical loss and, thus, reduces the light power in
the central spot of the Bessel beam generated in this
way to an unacceptably low level, groundbreaking
work by Fisher et al. [7] inspired many studies in this
field. In particular, Bessel beams from LEDs [8] and
wide-stripe semiconductor lasers [9] have been dem-
onstrated recently. The next important steps to practi-
cal application of Bessel beams from semiconductor
light sources were the establishment of the importance
of spatial (rather than temporal) coherence of the light
source used to generate Bessel beams [10]; the study of
the influence of beam-propagation parameter M
2
(the
ratio of the beam divergence to the divergence of ideal
Gaussian beam, determined by the diffraction limit
[11]) on the Bessel-beam propagation [12]; and the
demonstration of Bessel beams with a power up to sev-
eral watts [13], which is sufficient for the overwhelm-
ing majority of practical applications.
In this paper, we report (for the first time, to the
best of our knowledge) on the use of Bessel beams
from semiconductor lasers for optical capture and
manipulation of microscopic particles (including liv-
ing cells). A schematic of the experimental setup is
shown in Fig. 1. Bessel beams were generated by a
1065-nm semiconductor laser with a Fabry–Perot
cavity and fiber output. The fiber output provided a
symmetric directional light pattern. The power at the
fiber output was up to 600 mW. The laser beam was
collimated and focused by an optical system com-
posed of several alternating microlenses with magnifi-
cations from 8 to 40; these lenses were mounted on
micropositioners. The Bessel beam was formed by an
axicon with a vertex angle of 160°, which determined
the transverse size (~7 μm) of the central part of the
Bessel beam. The Bessel beam size was measured using
a transparent calibrated grid (the so-called graticule)
Manipulation of Microparticles Using Bessel Beams
from Semiconductor Lasers
G. S. Sokolovskii, S. N. Losev, K. K. Soboleva, V. V. Dyudelev, A. G. Deryagin,
W. Sibbett, V. I. Kuchinskii, and E. U. Rafailov
Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia
e-mail: gs@mail.ioffe.ru
St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
LETI St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia
Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
Received February 7, 2014
Abstract—Optical manipulation of microscopic objects (including living cells) using Bessel beams from
semiconductor lasers has been shown for the first time. In addition, it has been found in the experiments that
a Bessel beam of sufficient power from a semiconductor laser makes it possible to manipulate simultaneously
several microscopic objects captured into its central spot and the first ring.
DOI: 10.1134/S1063785014060133