Synthese (2007) 156:513–535
DOI 10.1007/s11229-006-9136-7
ORIGINAL PAPER
The kinematics of belief and desire
Richard Bradley
Published online: 10 May 2007
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007
Abstract Richard Jeffrey regarded the version of Bayesian decision theory he floated
in ‘The Logic of Decision’ and the idea of a probability kinematics—a generalisation
of Bayesian conditioning to contexts in which the evidence is ‘uncertain’—as his
two most important contributions to philosophy. This paper aims to connect them
by developing kinematical models for the study of preference change and practical
deliberation. Preference change is treated in a manner analogous to Jeffrey’s handling
of belief change: not as mechanical outputs of combinations of intrinsic desires plus
information, but as a matter of judgement and of making up one’s mind. In the first
section Jeffrey’s probability kinematics is motivated and extended to the treatment of
changes in conditional belief. In the second, analogous kinematical models are devel-
oped for preference change and in particular belief-induced change that depends on
an invariance condition for conditional preference. The two are the brought together
in the last section in a tentative model of pratical deliberation.
Keywords Preference revision · Belief revision · Kinematics · Bayesian conditioning
1 Introduction
Richard Jeffrey’s writings spanned epistemology, the logic and philosophy of science,
and both individual and social decision theory. Of his many new ideas he regarded
two to be the most important. The first is the version of Bayesian decision theory
This paper is one of a pair dedicated to Richard Jeffrey and prepared for a workshop held in his
memory at the 26th International Wittgenstein Symposium. My thanks to the organisers of, and the
participants in, this workshop and to two anonymous referees for their comments.
R. Bradley (B )
Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method,
London School of Economics, Houghton Street,
London WC2A 2AE, UK
e-mail: r.bradley@lse.ac.uk