DRAFT Disjunctivism: An Answer to Two Pseudo Problems? ∗ Alexander Gebharter · Alexander G. Mirnig Abstract: Ever since it was discovered that hallucinations and illusions are not all that compatible with our natural view of the relation between the perceiving subject and the perceived object, according to which we always perceive the object itself (or, as most epistemologists prefer to say, we perceive it directly), the philosophical position of Direct (or Naïve) Realism which is meant to be the epistemological equivalent of this view, has begun to falter. To express the- se problems more explicitly, the argument from hallucination and the argument from illusion were created and brought direct realists in dire need of explaining how phenomenons such as hallucinations and illusions could possibly go together with their position. One of the main direct (or naïve) realists’ responses to these arguments is Disjunctivism, a position that, while being able to efficiently deal with both arguments, is subject to quite a few problems in its postulations as well. The intuitive plausibility of both arguments seems to have led many a phi- losopher to take their validity for granted. Because of this, it will be attempted to give an accurate and adequate reformulation of both arguments in this paper to find out whether their impact on the philosophy of perception is justified in the first place. 1 Introduction Ever since it was discovered 1 that hallucinations and illusions are not all that compatible with our natural (some might say naïve) view of the relation between the perceiving subject and the perceived object, according to which we always perceive the object itself (or, as most epistemologists prefer to say, we percei- ve it directly), the philosophical position of Direct (or Naïve) Realism which is meant to be the epistemological equivalent of this view, has begun to falter. Two arguments – the argument from hallucination and the argument from illusion – intend to express these problems explicitly and brought direct realists in dire need of explaining how phenomenons such as hallucinations and illusions could * This is a draft paper. The final version of this paper is published under the following bibliographical data: Gebharter, A., & Mirnig, A. G. (2010). Disjunctivism: An answer to two pseudo problems? Conceptus, 39(95), 61–84. doi:10.1515/cpt-2010-9503. The final publication is available at http://www.conceptus.at. 1 Thoughts on hallucinations and illusions and their role in perception date back as far as the ancient world and then there is, of course, still the good old stick in the water. 1