International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume III, Issue VII, July 2016 | ISSN 2321–2705 www.rsisinternational.org Page 53 Effective Analysis and Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infection Diseases: A Review Ranjit K Sawant 1 , Dr. Ashok A Ghatol (Guide) 2 , 1 Selection Grade Lecturer in Electronics Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Kolhapur (M.S.) , India 2 Ex-Vice Chancellor, Dr. BATU, Lonere , Ex-Director, PIET, Pune, India *Corresponding Author: Ranjit K Sawant Abstract: Human Respiratory System is the breath of Human body. The respiratory tract infection diseases are found increasingly affecting the human body and a huge population is reported to be suffering from these diseases. An improvement in the conventional methods for Analysis and Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infection Diseases is a must. The present paper briefs about the respiratory system, the common respiratory tract infection diseases and proposes the effective analysis and Diagnosis tools. Keywords: Respiratory tract, Infection diseases, Fourier transform, wavelet transform, Genetic algorithm, Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic I. INTRODUCTION esearches in biomedical Engineering have emerged with effective tools for the study, analysis and diagnosis of Human Anatomy and associated disorders. Huge amount of research focuses on the analysis and diagnosis of Respiratory tract Infection Diseases. The Respiratory tract is divided as upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes Nose, Ethmoidal air cells, Frontal Sinuses, Maxillary sinus, Sphenoidal Sinus and Larynx. The lower respiratory tract includes the Trachea, Lungs, Air ways {bronchi and bronchioles) and the air sacs (alveoli). Together with all these organs the respiratory tract is responsible to give the breath that keeps a Human alive. According to American Lung Association, almost 400,000 people die from Lung disease each year [1]. Lung Disease is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. Lung disease and other breathing problems are leading causes of death in infants. Major Respiratory tract infection diseases include Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections Upper respiratory tract infection, Lower respiratory tract infection, malignant tumors. The major types of respiratory system cancer are: Lung cancers, Neck and Head cancer. Methods for analysis and diagnosis of the respiratory tract infection diseases are based on two parameters viz. respiratory sound and respiratory tract imaging. Over the last four decades, researchers have made significant progress in fine- tuning computerized signal processing techniques, and it is now possible to perform respiratory sound analysis using many of these techniques [2],[3]. Imaging involves investigations by chest X Rays, Computer tomography (CT) Scan, Bronchoscopy, Biopsy of the lung or pleura, Ventilation-Perfusion Scan, etc. A host of computer analysis techniques has been applied to CT images of the lung [4]. Modern Mathematical tools like Fourier Transforms, wavelet Transforms, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Fuzz Logic enhance the early detection & diagnosis. The Paper is organized to briefly explain the Anatomy of Human Respiratory system, the major respiratory tract diseases, discuses the Modern Analysis and Diagnosis Tools, highlights the research work in the field and finally proposes the neuro -fuzzy approach as an optimized tool. II. HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiration: Respiration is the act of breathing:  Inhaling (inspiration)--taking in oxygen  Exhaling (expiration)--giving off carbon dioxide The respiratory system The respiratory system (fig. 1) (or ventilator system) is the biological system that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. The respiratory system is made up of the organs involved in the interchanges of gases, and consists of the:  Nose  Mouth (oral cavity)  Pharynx (throat)  Larynx (voice box)  Trachea (windpipe)  Bronchi  Lungs R