Dissociative Photodetachment Dynamics of S
2
O
2
-
Todd G. Clements, Hans-Ju 1 rgen Deyerl,
²
and Robert E. Continetti*
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UniVersity of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman DriVe,
La Jolla, California 92093-0340
ReceiVed: August 28, 2001; In Final Form: NoVember 5, 2001
Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence spectroscopy is employed to study the dissociative photodetachment
(DPD) dynamics of S
2
O
2
-
at 258 nm. Experimental data and theoretical calculations show evidence for
photodetachment from a trigonal form of S
2
O
2
-
. The vertical detachment energy of this isomer was determined
to be 3.73 ( 0.02 eV. An upper bound of 2.41 ( 0.14 eV is determined for the enthalpy of the reaction
S
2
O
2
-
f S + SO
2
+ e
-
at 0 K. The observed dynamics are interpreted in terms of dissociative photodetachment
of S
2
O
2
-
to S(
3
P) + SO
2
(
1
A
1
) + e
-
, S(
1
D) + SO
2
(
1
A
1
) + e
-
, and S
2
(
3
Σ
g
-
) + O
2
(
3
Σ
g
-
) + e
-
product channels.
The S-atom channels are characterized by a large photofragment kinetic energy release and an anisotropic
photofragment angular distribution peaked along the electric vector of the laser. The S
2
channel has a low
kinetic energy release consistent with elimination of highly vibrationally excited O
2
from a strained form of
the trigonal isomer.
1. Introduction
Sulfur monoxide (SO) acts as an intermediate in the oxidation
of sulfur compounds in combustion
1
as well as the atmosphere.
2
It may also be an important participant in the atmospheric
chemistries of Venus
3
and Io.
4
As a result, the energetics and
reaction dynamics of this molecule are of considerable interest.
Herron and Huie studied the kinetics of formation of the
transient SO dimer (S
2
O
2
), created by the reaction SO + SO +
M f (SO)
2
+ M and concluded that the (SO)
2
cluster is
relatively long-lived.
5
Harcourt proposed that a triplet S
2
O
2
intermediate plays a role in the formation of SO
2
and S
2
O from
SO.
6
The stability and dissociation dynamics of these intermedi-
ates can have a significant effect on interpretations of the
chemical kinetics of SO,
5
but experimental information on these
clusters is scarce. Photoelectron photofragment coincidence
(PPC) spectroscopy has been shown to be a valuable method
for studying the energetics and dissociation dynamics of transient
neutral molecules after photodetachment from the anion.
7,8
In
this paper, PPC spectroscopy is applied to S
2
O
2
-
, and represents
the first investigation involving the anionic form of this
molecule.
There have been a number of previous spectroscopic studies
of neutral S
2
O
2
. Lovas et al. observed S
2
O
2
in a microwave
discharge of SO
2
.
9
In those experiments, S
2
O
2
was found to
have a cis-planar OSSO structure similar to that in Figure 1a.
A number of theoretical studies have been performed on
S
2
O
2
10-13
and although only the cis-planar structure has been
observed experimentally, Marsden and Smith calculated thirteen
singlet and six triplet isomers of S
2
O
2
.
10
They concluded that a
trigonal planar form of S
2
O
2
(Figure 1b), similar in structure to
SO
3
is more stable than the cis-planar isomer, but was not
observed in the microwave discharge spectra due to the relatively
high energies of molecular products from that method. The
photoionization efficiency spectrum of S
2
O
2
has also been
measured in the range 650-1250 nm
14
and 105-130 nm,
15
with
the latter study yielding an adiabatic ionization energy of
9.93 ( 0.02 eV.
We present the photoelectron spectrum, the energy-dependent
photofragment angular distribution, and the photoelectron
photofragment correlation spectrum of the anion S
2
O
2
-
. From
these data we show evidence for the trigonal isomer of S
2
O
2
-
(Figure 1d) and determine the energetics and dynamics of the
dissociation of the corresponding neutral (Figure 1b).
2. Experimental Section
The photoelectron photofragment coincidence spectrometer
has been described before in detail
16
and will be reviewed only
briefly here. The source gas configuration differs from previous
descriptions of this technique. Here, S
2
O
2
-
is produced by
electron impact on two crossed continuous gas expansions,
similar to (although simpler than) entrainment methods used
by Johnson and co-workers
17
and discussed in early supersonic-
²
Current address. Research Center COM, DTU, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby,
Denmark.
* Corresponding author. E-mail: rcontinetti@ucsd.edu.
Figure 1. Calculated geometries of S2O2 at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d)
level. (a) cis-planar S2O2, (b) trigonal planar S2O2, (c) cis-OSSO
-
(the
SO bond is rotated by 40.3° out of plane), and (d) trigonal S2O2
-
.
Distances are given in Å, and bond angles in degrees.
279 J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 279-284
10.1021/jp013329v CCC: $22.00 © 2002 American Chemical Society
Published on Web 12/20/2001