DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008706 , 241ra80 (2014); 6 Sci Transl Med et al. Rebecca Noster T Helper Cells IL-17 and GM-CSF Expression Are Antagonistically Regulated by Human Editor's Summary know best. data provide a rationale for decreasing GM-CSF in patients with MS and suggest that, for MS at least, human may 1-type cytokines promoted GM-CSF. These H actually prevented induction of GM-CSF, whereas T -- pathogenesis thought from mouse studies to be critical for -- 17-related cytokines H multiple sclerosis (MS). They found that T granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may play a pathogenic role in the brain of patients with ) cell production of H report that T helper (T et al. resolution remain poorly defined, especially in humans. Noster damage. However, the interplay between different cytokines and their individual roles in disease aggravation and are a crucial cause of tissue -- secreted immune mediators -- In patients with autoimmune diseases, cytokines Cytokine Rivalry http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/6/241/241ra80.full.html can be found at: and other services, including high-resolution figures, A complete electronic version of this article http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2014/06/17/6.241.241ra80.DC1.html can be found in the online version of this article at: Supplementary Material http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/scitransmed/5/170/170ra15.full.html http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/scitransmed/2/55/55ra78.full.html http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/scitransmed/4/117/117fs2.full.html http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/scitransmed/6/238/238ra72.full.html can be found online at: Related Resources for this article http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: article permission to reproduce this of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining is a registered trademark of AAAS. Science Translational Medicine rights reserved. The title NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2014 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue (print ISSN 1946-6234; online ISSN 1946-6242) is published weekly, except the Science Translational Medicine on June 20, 2014 stm.sciencemag.org Downloaded from on June 20, 2014 stm.sciencemag.org Downloaded from