The use of virtual circles gauge for a quick verification of Portable
Measuring Arms
Daniel González-Madruga
1
, Eduardo Cuesta
2,a*
, Hector Patiño Sanchez
2
,
Joaquín Barreiro
1b
and Susana Martínez-Pellitero
1
1
Dept. of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospace Engineering, University of León, Campus de
Vegazana, León 24071, Spain.
2
Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering. University of Oviedo, Campus de Gijón, Asturias 33203,
Spain.
a
ecuesta@uniovi.es,
b
joaquin.barreiro@unileon.es
Keywords: Virtual circles; AACMM evaluation; Accuracy; Evaluation gauge
Abstract. Portable Measuring Arms or Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines
(AACMMs) unique characteristics bring flexibility to the inspection task and allow outside
laboratory measurements. However, still a few works study their metrological behavior, uncertainty
or assessment. In fact, AACMM assessment involves time consuming and expensive processes
mainly inherited from CMM field. A virtual circle gauge similar to ball bars and a methodology
based on international standards are proposed in order to simplify the evaluation test. Additionally,
two metrological laboratories have evaluated different AACMM models with this gauge. Also, two
gauge lengths (distance between circles) have be included in this study. Results have proved that
virtual circle gauges are suitable to evaluate AACMMs and tested the influence of distance between
virtual circles.
Introduction
Over the last decade, AACMMs have given important productivity and flexibility improvements
in inspection tasks where the highest level of accuracy is not required. Portability and flexibility
achieved with AACMMs characterize their performance but also affect to their metrological
behavior and measurement uncertainty. Calibration and evaluation principles have been inherited
from CMM field even though AACMMs require new approaches according to their unique
characteristics. Authors works presents some basis points such us kinematic model, gauges,
calibration positions, optimization algorithm... Nevertheless, AACMMs metrological behavior still
has to be studied.
Several calibration and evaluation methods have been proposed so far. Santolaria et al. [1]
presented a complete calibration method with a ball bar gauge where the error terms, volumetric
performance and point repeatability are minimized by least squares. Furutani et al. [2] also
measured a two-ball bar in several locations. Kovac et al. [3] designed a linear instrument for
AACMM calibration. Several standards have presented evaluation methods, but they are time
consuming processes. ASME B89.4.22 [4] defines an evaluation method based on three tests to
determine the AACMM performance with a ball bar and a conic holes gauge. VDI/VDE 2617 part 9
[5] evaluates AACMMs with three tests, a ball bar and conic holes as well. Spheres are commonly
used in scientific or industrial field especially in CMM, Cauchick-Miguel et al. [6]. However they
are uncomfortable features for manual operating with AACMMs. Regarding conic holes, they are
adapted to AACMM manual operating since the sphere of the stylus is easily placed on the cone
and, theoretically, the same point is reached each time. Standards and some authors take advantage
of this particular characteristic for repeatability evaluation of a single point error when varying the
AACMM configuration, ASME B89.4.22 [4] and VDI/VDE 2617 part 9 [5]. Gao et al. [7] calculate
the AACMM kinematic parameters by mean of neural networks and conic holes.
Key Engineering Materials Vol. 615 (2014) pp 70-75
Online available since 2014/Jun/30 at www.scientific.net
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.615.70
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
www.ttp.net. (ID: 93.156.84.251-03/07/14,22:00:54)