Research Article
Finite Element Modeling of Laminated Composite Plates with
Locally Delaminated Interface Subjected to Impact Loading
Saddam Hussein Abo Sabah and Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh
Construction Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM-CRC), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Correspondence should be addressed to Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh; kbhahmad@utm.my
Received 31 August 2013; Accepted 25 December 2013; Published 13 February 2014
Academic Editors: J. R. d’Almeida and G. Nikas
Copyright © 2014 S. H. Abo Sabah and A. B. H. Kueh. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
his paper investigates the efects of localized interface progressive delamination on the behavior of two-layer laminated composite
plates when subjected to low velocity impact loading for various iber orientations. By means of inite element approach, the laminae
stifnesses are constructed independently from their interface, where a well-deined virtually zero-thickness interface element is
discreetly adopted for delamination simulation. he present model has the advantage of simulating a localized interfacial condition
at arbitrary locations, for various degeneration areas and intensities, under the inluence of numerous boundary conditions since
the interfacial description is expressed discretely. In comparison, the model shows good agreement with existing results from the
literature when modeled in a perfectly bonded state. It is found that as the local delamination area increases, so does the magnitude
of the maximum displacement history. Also, as top and bottom iber orientations deviation increases, both central delection
and energy absorption increase although the relative maximum displacement correspondingly decreases when in contrast to the
laminates perfectly bonded state.
1. Introduction
Interfacial imperfection that eventually leads to the delam-
ination of laminated composite plates is commonly consid-
ered as one of the chief contributors to performance degra-
dation of these advanced lightweight materials. his imper-
fection is structurally harmful and contributes principally
to the failure of the laminate especially in presence of dynamic
loading environment such as impact loading. he imperfec-
tion in the interface may be due to insuicient adhesion or
incorrect equipment setting during manufacturing, leading
it to undergo serious damage such as matrix cracks, ibers
breakages, or delamination. hese kinds of damage are severe
because they drastically reduce the mechanical characteristics
of the laminate and at the same time can leave visible
marks on the impacted surface. herefore, understanding the
interface condition efect on laminated composite plates is of
great importance for improvement of the plate’s strength.
In terms of loading environment, laminated composite
plates are prone to impact loads that occur during manufac-
turing, transportation, or service life. hese impact loads are
considered extremely dangerous and cause invisible damage
to the back face or within the laminate which consequently
reduce the strength of the composite material, even when the
impact produces low energy. It has been proven that if a com-
posite plate is subjected to a low velocity impact, the damaged
area will increase with the increase of the impact velocity
[1]. Caprino et al. [2] concluded that the irst failure point in
a laminated composite plate is inluenced more by the impact
speed rather than the impacting energy. In much similar vein,
a inite element model was developed to study the response
of laminated composite folded plates subjected to impact
loads [3]. he results indicate that, under impact loading, the
amplitude and period of a laminated composite folded plate
tend to increase. he damage caused by the impact load is
very obvious on the face of the plate.
In general, there exist several factors that signiicantly
inluence the behavior of composite materials when subjected
to impact loading. hey can basically be divided into two
parts. he irst part involves the laminate properties such as
shape, size, thickness, ply orientation, and stacking sequence.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
e Scientific World Journal
Volume 2014, Article ID 954070, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/954070