IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 3 Ver. I (Mar. 2016), PP 92-100 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-153192100 www.iosrjournals.org 92 | Page Is the Physiological Mobility of the Teeth Disturbed Because Of the Retainer- Comparative Study between the Different Retainers Nezar Watted 1 , Muhamad Abu-Hussein 2 , Péter Borbély 3 1 Clinics And Policlinics For Dental, Oral And Maxillofacial Diseases Of The Bavarian Julius-Maximilian- University, Wuerzburg, Germany And Arab American University, Palestine 2 Department Of Pediatric Dentistry, University Of Athens, Greece 3 Department Of Pediatric Dentistry And Orthodontics, University Of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Abstract: In Orthodontics The Stability Of The Achieved Result Remains A Fundamental Issue Of Concern And Debate. Tirk Has Said “The Result Of Orthodontic Therapy – Good, Bad Or Indifferent Is Only Evident Many Years Out Of Retention” . Maintaining Teeth In Their Corrected Positions After Orthodontic Treatment Has Been And Continues To Be A Challenge . Usually A Retention Phase Is Required After Active Orthodontic Tooth Movement To Hold Teeth In Its Ideal Aesthetic And Functional Relation And Prevent The Teeth To Return To Their Former Position.Fixed Appliance Therapy Often Lasts Several Years. Gladness About Debonding Is Great And The Patient Consider The Occasion As The End Of Treatment Many Times. Patients As Well As Their Parents Often Underestimate The Importance Of The Following Retention Period And How Quickly Negligences In This Part Of Treatment Result In Recidivisms. Fixed Retainer Guarantee A Good Long- Term Stability At Least As Long As They Are In Situ. The Reliable Attachment Of Lingual Retainers With Modern Bonding Procedures Made Them A Popular Retention Method. To Test Their Influence On Tooth Mobility Or Damping Quality The Presented Study Was Performed With A Dynamic Test Procedure (Periotest). Keywords: Fixed Orthodontic Retainer, Retention, Retainers, Relapse, Stability. I. Introduction Retention After Orthodontic Treatment Has Been Recommended By Several Authors And Researchers. It Can Be Stated As Holding The Teeth In Optimal Esthetic And Functional Positions. A Proper Retention Regimen To Prevent Relapse After The End Of An Orthodontic Treatment Is Frequently Overlooked By Orthodontists. Adequate Retention Is Needed To Let PDL And Supracrestal Fibers Reorganize, To Allow Remodeling Of The Alveolar Bone And To Manage Differential Growth Of The Jaws, While Managing Soft Tissue Pressure [1]. The Extent Of The Changes Happening After The End Of Active Treatment Is Not Predictable [2]. These Changes May Be Partly Dependent On The Type Of Malocclusion And The Type Of The Mechano-Therapy Used [3]. Removable Retainers Were Usually Prescribed For The Lower Arch After The End Of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment.[1]Greater Research Emphasis Has Been Placed On Relapse Of Mandibular Anterior Crowding And Little Emphasis Has Been Given To Investigating The Maxillary Crowding Relapse And Parameters That May Be Helpful In Predicting Its Long-Term Stability.[4] Alignment Stability Of Mandibular Incisors Is Less Than That Of The Maxillary Anterior Teeth. Factors Such As Pretreatment Crowding Severity And Gingival Fibers Traction Are Considered Risk Factors For Maxillary Incisors Crowding Relapse. However,There Is An Association Between A Prolonged Period Of Retention And Greater Stability Of Maxillary Teeth Alignment. Maxillary Incisors Tend To Rotate In The Direction Of Their Initial Positions, Despite Buccolingual Relapse Being Unpredictable. Furthermore, Palatal Contacts Between Maxillary And Mandibular Incisors Preclude Lingual Movement Of The Maxillary Teeth And Any Vestibular Movement Is Probably Determined By The Lips Position And Function.[1,2,3,4] Many Factors Influence Long Term Stability Of Orthodontic Treatment Results. A Number Of Studies Show A Correlation Of Insufficiently Corrected Malocclusion Or Further Physiologic Growth With Recidivisms. Further Factors Which Can Promote Recidivisms Are Tooth Morphology Itself And Inauspicious Occlusal Loadvectors. These Might Occur When Incisors Are Protruded Extensively To Prevent Extractions In Crowding Cases. Typically, Recidivisms Become Obvious For The Patient In A Esthetically Disturbing Crowding Of The Lower Anteriors. To Prevent This Crowding, Fixed Lingual Retainers Are Applied. [ 5,6]. Indication For A Bonded Retainer And The Risk Of Recidivisms Can Be Minimized When General Principles Of Orthodontic Treatment Are Followed. A Widening Of The Canine Distance Or Disregarding Original Archform Are Treatment Mistakes Just As An Insufficient Correction Of Rotated Teeth. Fibrotomies Or Reduction Of The Mesio-Distal Tooth Width Of Anteriors Which Transforms Contact Points Into Contact Areas Can Add To The Stability In These Patients.[7] The Indication For Bonding A Fixed Retainer Should Be Limited To The Following Situations Despite The Very Good Experiences With It ;  Borderline Tipped Anteriors