1 23 International Journal of Fracture ISSN 0376-9429 Int J Fract DOI 10.1007/s10704-013-9916-2 An XFEM model for cracked porous media: effects of fluid flow and heat transfer Qian Shao, Lyazid Bouhala, Anis Younes, Pedro Núñez, Ahmed Makradi & Salim Belouettar