© The Journal of Negro Education, 2007, Vol. 76, No. 2
141
The Journal of Negro Education, 76(2), 141-153
Rising Above Reality: The Voices of Reentry Black
Mothers and their Daughters
Yolanda Sealey-Ruiz New York University
This article examines the following three themes present in the educational narratives of a group
of Black reentry (returning to college) mothers: (a) reentry as a response to a critical moment, (b)
reentry as a strategy for coping with challenges, and (c) reentry as a practical step toward getting
their daughters into college. Cursory reviews of Black women in higher education and
representations of Black motherhood contextualize the struggles these and other Black women
have faced in getting an education, raising their families, and maintaining a positive image. The
daughters’ voices are included to provide a clearer picture of the effect a Black mother’s reentry
can have on her children—particularly her daughters—who are the next generation of females in
her family.
INTRODUCTION
“Reality is something you rise above,” said Liza Minnelli referring to one of the most difficult
periods of her life (“Liza: A Legend with an L,” 1996). For too many Black Americans, the daily
act of “rising above” challenges related to inequity and poverty is a stark reality. Specifically, this
quote holds special significance for the reentry Black women in this study who struggled against a
litany of trying circumstances before and during their journey back to school. Nevertheless, for
them, reentry is viewed as a way to rise above their present condition; to alter or adjust to their
current circumstances.
The constructs of racism and sexism obscure the lives of Black women in America. These two
towering structures influence every facet of their lives; however, from post-slavery times to the
present day, Black women have viewed education as a mechanism to ameliorate the negative
impact racism and sexism has on their life chances (Giddings, 1984). Both the traditional
undergraduate, who enters college directly after high school, as well as the reentry woman who
walks through the doors of the academy years after earning a diploma or GED believe in the
promise of education. Each buys into the notion that education can be, as Horace Mann once
noted, the great equalizer (McKlusky, 1958).
These women are confident that their degree will lead to employment opportunity, job
advancement, and respect from others although the permanence of racism (Bell, 1992) and gender
inequality, particularly against Black women (Collins, 2000), decrease the odds for their academic
success. For example, Black women are often the recipients of an inferior elementary and
secondary education, the effects of which are immediately realized when they enter college
(Sealey-Ruiz, 2006). Their future degree serves as a beacon of hope to another, somewhat easier
life. Therefore, school becomes particularly important for the reentry Black woman who must
often care for children, elderly parents, or meet other financial obligations while in college.
Regarding reentry Black women, Omolade (1987) and Sealey-Ruiz (2005) noted that obtaining a
college degree is a lifelong dream for many who have had to interrupt their education because of
family or financial crises.
PURPOSE OF STUDY AND SCOPE OF ARTICLE
The purpose of this study was to explore the educational narratives of reentry Black mothers; to
gauge the effect reentry has on their lives and the lives of their children, particularly their