FEAR IN THE CITY URBAN TERRORISM IN SOUTH AFRICA Henri Boshoff, Anneli Botha and Martin Schönteich LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 THE MULTI-HEADED MONSTER: DIFFERENT FORMS OF TERRORISM Introduction Elements of terrorism Categories of terrorism Conclusion Notes CHAPTER 2 THE PRIME SUSPECTS? THE METAMORPHOSIS OF PAGAD Introduction Historical background Objectives of Pagad Pagad’s organisational structure Support for Pagad Pagad’s modus operandi A question of Pagad’s involvement Conclusion Notes CHAPTER 3 FIGHTING BACK: THE STATE'S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE Introduction The security forces’ response Operation Recoil Operation Saladin Operation Good Hope Operation Crackdown A common sense strategy to prevent urban terrorism A proposed anti-terrorism operational concept Conclusion