The Utility of the Purpose-in-Life Test in
Persons With AIDS
Mary Pat Lewis, PhD, RN
Judith A. Erlen, PhD, RN, FAAN
Annette DeVito Dabbs, PhD, RN
Kim Breneman, BSN, RN
Christa Cook, BSN, RN
The purpose of this study was to describe the
utility of the Purpose-in-Life Test among persons
with AIDS using both Part A (quantitative) and Part
B (qualitative). A cross-sectional descriptive design
was used with a sample of 74 persons with AIDS
from community settings. The Purpose-in-Life Test
and a sociodemographic questionnaire were admin-
istered. Analytic methods included descriptive and
inferential statistics and content analysis. Part A
scores indicated that only one third of the partici-
pants reported a definite purpose in life; however,
results from Part B demonstrated that the majority of
participants viewed their life as meaningful and dy-
namic. Demographic characteristics such as race,
income, and education were significantly related to
purpose in life. Assessing purpose in life using both
Part A and Part B of the Purpose-in-Life Test may
assist nurses with a more in-depth understanding of
purpose in life and assist persons with AIDS with
identifying opportunities for personal growth.
Key words: HIV, AIDS, purpose in life, Purpose-
in-Life Test
Although survival has been greatly enhanced with
the advent of antiretroviral therapy, learning that one
is diagnosed with AIDS continues to be a traumatic
event. Researchers have shown that facing a trau-
matic life event creates an opportunity for people to
discover meaning and strength (Hall, 1998; Steeves
& Kahn, 1987). A diagnosis of AIDS prompts indi-
viduals to raise questions pertaining to the purpose
and meaning of their lives and the nature of their
suffering (Mellors, Erlen, Coontz, & Lucke, 2001;
Schaefer & Coleman, 1992), and to make life adjust-
ments to accept the uncertain long-term outcomes of
their illness (Mellors et al., 2001).
Background
The work of Frankl (1963) provided the theoret-
ical framework for this study. Frankl purports that
the strongest motivation for living is the “will to
meaning,” or the search to find meaning for human
existence. Life never ceases to have meaning because
individuals always have the opportunity to choose
the manner in which they face adversity. Individuals
with a strong sense of purpose in life have goals and
a sense of direction, feel there is meaning to their
lives, hold beliefs that give life purpose, and have
aims and objectives for living. According to Frankl,
an individual who fails to find meaning and purpose
Mary Pat Lewis, PhD, RN, is associate professor and
chair, Department of Nursing, State University of New
York, College of Technology, Delhi, NY. Judith A. Erlen,
PhD, RN, FAAN, is a professor; Annette DeVito Dabbs,
PhD, RN, is an assistant professor; and Kim Breneman,
BSN, RN, and Christa Cook, BSN, RN, are research as-
sistants, all at the University of Pittsburgh School of
Nursing.
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF NURSES IN AIDS CARE, Vol. 17, No. 1, January/February 2006, 51-59
doi:10.1016/j.jana.2005.11.005
Copyright © 2006 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care