ELSEVIER Ecological Engineering 5 (1995) 183-207
ECOLOGICAL
ENGINEERING
Phosphorus dynamics in selected wetlands and streams of
the lake Okeechobee Basin *
K.R. Reddy *, O.A. Diaz, L.J. Scinto, M. Agami
Soil and Water Science Department, 106 Newell Hall, Box 110510, Uniuersity of Florida, Institute of Food
and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesuille, FL 32611, USA
Abstract
Lake Okeechobee is becoming increasingly eutrophic, presumably due to P loading from
numerous dairy operations in the Lake's northern drainage basin. Phosphorus released from
this basin is transported through canals, streams, and wetlands before its discharge into the
lake. This paper summarizes the results of several studies on P dynamics in wetlands and
stream sediments in the Lake Okeechobee Basin with primary focus on P interaction with
soil/sediment-water column and vegetation.
Stream sediments and wetland soils in the basin were characterized for labile and
non-labile pools of P. The labile inorganic P (Pi) pool (KCt-extractable) accounted for 0.1 to
2.3% and 0.1 to 0.7% of the total P in sediments and wetland soils, respectively. The NaOH
extractable Pi, representing the P associated with Fe and AI oxyhydroxides, was the
dominant Pi in both stream sediments and wetland soils (accounting for up to 71 and 43%
total P, respectively). The NaOH-Po (humic and fulvic acid associated organic P) is
considered resistant to biological breakdown and accounted for 6 to 56% of total P. Stream
sediments showed higher buffer intensity for P sorption than wetlands. Phosphate sorption
capacity (Sma x) and buffer intensity (Kd-adsorption coefficient) were highly correlated with
oxalate extractable [Fe + AI] and total organic carbon (TOC) suggesting P sorption is
associated with amorphous and weakly crystalline forms of Fe and AI, and/or complexed
with organic matter.
Phosphorus assimilation in vegetation was found to be short-term and dependent upon
plant species, P loading, and wetland hydrology. Decomposition of detrital tissue resulted in
rapid release of P into the water column. Phosphorus release was rapid during decomposi-
tion of floating macrophytes, as compared to herbaceous vegetation.
Paper presented at the workshop on Phosphorus Behavior in the Okeechobee Basin, sponsored by
the South Florida Water Management Distirct and the University of Florida, Institute of Food and
Agricultural Sciences.
" Corresponding author.
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