10.1177/1077801204271566 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN / February 2005 Clay-Warner, Burt / REPORTING RAPE
Rape Reporting After Reforms
Have Times Really Changed?
JODY CLAY-WARNER
CALLIE HARBIN BURT
University of Georgia
Using data from the National Violence Against Women Survey, the authors examine
whether rapes committed after reforms were more likely to be reported to police than those
committed before reforms. The authors also consider whether the gap between the report-
ing of simple versus aggravated rape has narrowed. They find that rapes committed after
1990 were more likely to be reported than rapes occurring before 1974. Aggravated rape
continues to be more likely to be reported than simple rape, however, and this effect is sta-
ble over time. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for
evaluating the success of rape reform statutes.
Keywords: rape reform; rape reporting; sexual assault
Since the mid-1970s, sweeping changes have been made to laws
governing forcible rape. These changes include the alteration of
evidentiary requirements, establishment of rape shield statutes,
modification of resistance requirements, and, in some cases, even
redefining the crime of rape (e.g., Spohn & Horney, 1992). Prior to
the institution of these reforms, many victims were reluctant to
report rapes, fearing mistreatment from the criminal justice system
and retaliation from the perpetrator (e.g., Bryden & Lengnick,
1997; Legrand, 1973; Robin, 1977). In fact, under-reporting was so
widespread that some estimated that even if every rape reported
resulted in a trial, more than 90% of rapists would never see the
150
AUTHORS’ NOTE: Data used in this article were obtained through the Inter-
University Consortium for Political and Social Research housed at the University of
Michigan.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, Vol. 11 No. 2, February 2005 150-176
DOI: 10.1177/1077801204271566
© 2005 Sage Publications
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