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Abstract— After deregulation of power systems, large
problems with voltage stability incurred due to the large transits
of power transmitted to large distances. Systems are very
stressed and often work on their limits. Therefore, single
contingency is sometimes enough to cause system collapsing. One
of the most economic methods to prevent larger scale voltage
collapse is undervoltage load shedding (UVLS). In this article,
implementation of UVLS scheme is tested in New England Test
System and then modeled in part of Croatian power system.
Simulation of system behavior is presented as well.
Index Terms— undervoltage load shedding, voltage, voltage
stability, simulation
I. INTRODUCTION
ATELY, many problems concerning voltage stability
incurred in power utilities. Systems often work on their
stability limits and single contingency is sometimes enough to
cause cascade blackouts of such stressed systems. Most
significant examples of such incidents happened in 2003 in
USA, Italy and London. With increased financial pressures
and competition in the electric power industry, innovative and
cost-effective voltage collapse countermeasures are necessary.
Before the main disturbance that causes collapse, the system is
weakened due to the planned or forced outages of main
objects (lines and production facilities) and voltages on main
buses sink. Larger scale blackouts have great impact on
economies with significant financial losses. Therefore,
methods and tools for prevention of total system collapse are
needed in order to save costs.
The most effective improvement of voltage stability limits
is building of new transmission lines and generation facilities.
However, it is very hard and expensive to get a new corridor
for transmission lines or a new location for power plant.
UVLS imposes itself to be such tool for voltage collapse
prevention which is very economic and easy to implement.
Manuscript submitted 02 March, 2007.
M. Klaric is with the Dalekovod jsc, Zagreb, HR-10000, M. Cavica 4,
CROATIA (corresponding author; e-mail: mario.klaric@dalekovod.hr).
I. Kuzle is with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10000, Unska 3, CROATIA (e-mail:
igor.kuzle@fer.hr).
S. Tesnjak is with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10000, Unska 3, CROATIA (e-mail:
sejid.tesnjak@fer.hr).
II. UNDERVOLTAGE LOAD SHEDDING
A. Basic principles
As it was mentioned earlier, when the system is heavily
loaded, voltages on most critical buses sink. This phenomenon
is especially strong when there is a lack of reactive power
support but it can also occur due to the poorly organized
reactive power ancillary service. In figures 1 and 2, voltages
on the most critical buses just before USA 2003 blackout are
shown.
Fig. 1. Voltages in main buses during 2003 blackout
Fig. 2. Voltages and reactive power production in Eastlake 5 power plant
before the voltage collapse in 2003
Example of Undervoltage Load Shedding
Implementation
Mario Klaric, Igor Kuzle, Senior Member, IEEE, Sejid Tesnjak, Senior Member, IEEE
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1-4244-0987-X/07/$25.00 ©2007 IEEE.
1-4244-0987-X/07/$25.00 ©2007 IEEE.