Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1999
Stability, Change and Individual Differences
in Involvement with Friends and Romantic
Partners Among Adolescent Females
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
1
The initiation of romantic relationships is a normative developmental task among
female adolescents. Friendships with other females may change as part of this
task. Using structured interviews, this study collected data from 102 white females
(ages 17 to 19) about their history of close peer relationships during high school.
Trajectories of involvement (time spent) with close peers were examined using
individual growth modeling. Females who increased time with romantic partners
more rapidly also decreased time with friends more rapidly. Although most spent
more time with partners than with friends at some time, the timing of this change
and patterns of involvement with close peers varied. One-fourth of females spent
more time with partners than with friends early in high school, but spent less
time with friends than others did. Another one-half spent more time with partners
than with friends later in high school, gradually increasing time with partners and
reducing time with friends. Otherfemales never spent more time with partners than
with friends, and maintained high involvement with friends and little involvement
with partners.
INTRODUCTION
It has been suggested that the initiation of romantic relationships is a nor-
mative developmental task of adolescence (Hartup, 1993; Havighurst, 1972). For
most individuals, close, dyadic relationships with romantic partners are initiated
during adolescence (Douvan and Adelson, 1966; Dunphy, 1963), and young people
report spending increasing amounts of leisure time with their romantic partners or
in cross-sex dyads as they mature (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 1984; Richards
et al., 1998). Although a number of reports on general dating behavior during
1
Assistant Professor, Division of Medical Information and Outcomes Research, Oregon Health
Sciences University, BICC, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97201-3098; e-mail:
zimmerge@ohsu.edu.
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0047-2891/99/0800-4l9JI6.00/0 © 1999 Plenum Publishing Corporation