DETERMINATION OF THE BE
CLINICAL SOLID WASTE MA
a
Md. Sohrab Hossain,
b
M
b
Nik Norulaini
a
Department of Envi
Univers
b
School of Distance Edu
c
Institute for Research in Molec
ARTICLE INFO ABST
The Cl
countri
lack of
waste h
conduc
Malays
in safe
of Hea
require
risks a
present
manage
steriliz
Copyright © 2014 Md. Sohrab Hossain et al. This is an
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any m
INTRODUCTION
The safe management of clinical solid wast
problematic due to its enormous volume of g
negative impacts to human health and the en
as high disposal cost (Ananth et al., 2010;
Moreira et al., 2013; Bendjoudi et al., 2009
number of healthcare establishments and ad
in healthcare centres, the generation of clinic
rapidly increased (Ananth et al., 2010; Co
Hossain et al., 2011). The clinical solid w
various healthcare facilities such as incl
clinics, veterinary facilities, private practi
care, clinical laboratories and research labora
2010; Marinković et al., 2008; Pruss et al.,
researches are being conducted worldwide
good practice guideline and to provide the
for proper disposal of clinical waste with
human health and the environment (Bendjo
Abd El-Salam, 2010; Hossain et al., 2012; Sh
*Corresponding author: Omar Ab Kadir
Department of Environmental Technology, School
Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pen
ISSN: 0975-833X
Article History:
Received 25
th
December, 2013
Received in revised form
17
th
January, 2014
Accepted 14
th
February, 2014
Published online 31
st
March, 2014
Key words:
Clinical solid waste;
Recycling; Reuse;
Sterilization;
Treatment of clinical waste;
Waste management.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
EST METHOD FOR SAFE HANDLING AND R
ATERIALS IN A HOSPITAL OF PENANG IS
Moftah Massaud Bennama,
c
Venugopal
i Nik Ab Rahman and Mohd
a*
Omar Ab K
ironmental Technology, School of Industrial Te
siti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
ucation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pena
ecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1180
TRACT
Clinical solid waste management has been raised a signific
ies including Malaysia. The main reason of the mismanage
f effective waste management strategy that can be easily i
handling, transport and final disposal. Aware of the signifi
cted in the form of a case study in one of the largest healt
sia, namely, the Hospital Lam Wah Ee. It was found that th
e management of clinical solid waste within its premise that
alth regulations of Malaysia. However, the clinical solid w
ed trained clinical staffs, effective control and high financia
and environmental impacts, clinical solid waste is still dis
t study revealed the urgency to adopt effective sterilization
gement. The clinical solid waste materials would be recyc
zed, which would minimize the waste generation as well as it
open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribu
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
te is considered as
generation, serious
nvironment as well
Insa et al., 2010;
9). With increasing
dvance medication
cal solid waste has
oker et al., 2009;
waste results from
luding hospitals,
ices, home health
atories (Insa et al.,
1999). Numerous
in order to define
best technologies
minimal risks to
oudi et al., 2009;
hinee et al., 2008).
l of Industrial
nang, Malaysia
Although significant improvem
are needed to alleviate infec
contaminations. Unfortunate
management has received litt
countries despite the deadly
environmental hazards (Coker
2005). Da Silva et al. (200
healthcare facilities in Brazil
during handling clinical wast
guideline available. The clinic
without any perspective and co
waste. Shinee et al. (2008)
management in Ulanbaatar city
to lack of a comprehensive p
level, inadequate knowledge
personnel and absence of env
for treating clinical solid waste
the major policy implementat
level and the generated clin
practices by healthcare facili
source segregation and poor h
clinical waste management in t
also revealed that the segrega
conducted as demanded by
Available online at http://www.journalcra.com
International Journal of Current Research
Vol. 6, Issue, 03, pp.5914-5920, March, 2014
I
RECYCLE-REUSE OF
SLAND, MALAYSIA
Balakrishnan,
Kadir
echnology,
ang, Malaysia
00 Penang, Malaysia
cant problem in most developing
ement of this type of wastes is the
implemented during clinical solid
icance of the issue, the study was
thcare facilities in Penang Island,
he hospital has taken apposite steps
comply with the relevant Ministry
waste management at the hospital
al investments. Despite the health
isposed through incineration. The
technology in clinical solid waste
cled and reused after it has been
ts disposable cost.
bution License, which permits
ments have been achieved, more
ctious risks and environmental
ely, clinical solid waste
tle attention in the developing
y health risks and potential
r et al., 2009; Da Silva et al.,
05) reported that most of the
do not follow the legislation
te, though there is a national
cal waste was generally handled
ollected along with the municipal
) reported that clinical waste
y of Mongolia is inadequate due
policy and strategy in national
and skills of health sector
vironmentally sound technology
e. Nemathaga et al. (2008) found
tion gap between the national
nical solid waste management
ity in South Africa. Improper
handling were observed during
the studied hospitals. The study
ation of clinical waste was not
y the government regulations
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF CURRENT RESEARCH