International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications Volume 4 Issue 2, June 2014 http://www.ijrsa.org
doi: 10.14355/ijrsa.2014.0402.03
97
Pedestrian Safety Modelling and Analysis
Using GIS in Chennai
Rohith P Poyil**, Anil Kumar Misra**, R Murugasan***
**Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ITM University, HUDA Sector 23 A, Gurgaon 122017, India
***Institute of Remote sensing, Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
rohithpoyil@itmindia.edu; anilmishra@itmindia.edu; murugasanr@rediffmail.com
Received 29
th
March 2014; Revised 31
th
March 2014; Accepted 16
th
April 2014; Published 03
rd
June 2014
© 2014 Science and Engineering Publishing Company
Abstract
This paper analyzes the various variables affecting
pedestrian road crashes, placing emphasis on the effect of
daily activity patterns and the built environment, including
the land use of the places. Study also develops a level of
safety model in terms of number of pedestrian accidents in
Chennai. First, eleven potential factors influencing
pedestrian level of safety are summarized: width of road,
width of sidewalk, average running speed of vehicles,
vehicular volume, pedestrian volume, percentage of
sidewalk area encroached, presence of crossing facilities,
sight distance, pedestrian refuge and median, lightings and
curb. The selected roads are typical of those prevalent in
urban areas of Chennai. With the survey data, a stepwise
regression analyses are carried out to develop a reliable
pedestrian level of safety model for road segments, suitable
for use in the vast majority of Indian urban areas. The study
reveals that the factors significantly influencing pedestrian
level of safety at road segments including width of sidewalk,
average running speed of vehicles, percentage of sidewalk
area encroached, presence of pedestrian refuge and median,
lightings and curb.
A model to predict the pedestrian safety level in terms of
number of pedestrian accidents is developed in this study
using regression analysis and integrated with GIS to
produce a colour coded maps showing the predicted
number of pedestrian accidents. The validation has been
done by comparing the predicted number of pedestrian
accidents with actual number of pedestrian accidents
occurred.
Keywords
Safety Model; Stepwise Regression Analysis; Pedestrian Level of
Safety; GIS
Introduction
Worldwide pedestrian-vehicle crashes are considered
as one of the major public health concern, but it is a
preventable cause of death and hospitalization.
Approximately 400,000 pedestrians lost their lives in
pedestrian-vehicle crashes annually (Naci et al., 2009)
worldwide. Studies carried out by several researches
revealed that almost half of all pedestrian fatalities in
Europe involved elderly pedestrians (Hakamies-
Blomqvist, 2003; Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development, 2001). The potential
safety importance of the walking direction along a
road can be done by examining pedestrian accidents
as a function of exposure to risk (Juha et al. 2013).
Research on user behaviour and preferences has been
a helpful tool in improving road safety and accident
prevention in recent years (Mario et al. 2014). A
systemic inquiry and the transformation of the urban
road network should be performed in order to
diminish the areas of vehicle–pedestrian conflicts and
to significantly reduce vehicle speeds in areas of
pedestrian presence and activity (Victoria et al. 2012).
Walking is a basic human activity and pedestrians are
a part of every roadway environment. Everybody is a
pedestrian at one point or another. A person’s decision
to walk or use other modes of transportation is greatly
influenced by his safety concerns. Pedestrian Level of
Service model for arterials represents a progressive
shift in evaluating the quality of service from a
provider-based measure to a user-based measure
(Theodore et al. 2004). With the full sample of
collisions, binomial logit models estimated the odds of
collision occurrence as related to the road and the
neighbourhood environments and adjusting for
exposure (Anne et al. 2008). Spatial analysis
techniques can be combined with regression models to
understand factors associated with risk (Robert et al.
2004). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based
approach can be used to compare the average walking