PRIMATES, 42(1): 75-89, January 2001 75 Metrical Dental Analysis on Golden Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) RULIANG PAN The University of WesternAustralia and Kunming b~stitute of Zoology and CHARLESOXNARD The University of Western Australia ABSTRACT. Dental variation in the Chinese golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is here evaluated by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Allometric analyses indicate that canines and P3s are positively, but other dimensions negatively scaled to mandible and maxilla, and to body size. With the exception of the mesiodistal dimensions of I1 and M3, and the buccolingual dimension of P4, mandibular dental variables show similar scaling relative to body size. Analysis of residuals shows that males have significantly larger canine, p3 and buccolingual dimensions of the postcanine teeth (M2 and M 3) than females. A significant difference in shape between the sexes is found in the buccolingual dimension of the upper teeth, but not in the mandible. Unlike the situation in some other species, female golden monkeys do not exhibit relatively larger postcanine teeth than males. In fact, the reverse is true, especially for MZs and M3s. The fact that most of the dental variables show low negative allometry to body size might be related a cold environment that has led to the development of larger body size with reduced energy loss. When the raw data are examined by Discriminant Function Analysis the sexes are clearly distinguishable. Key Words: Golden monkey; Rhinopithecus roxellana; Metrical dental analysis; Sexual dimorphism; Allometry; Tooth and body size. INTRODUCTION Static allometric analysis of primate dentition has been the subject of numerous studies (LEUTENEGGER, 1976; SMITH, 1981a; GINGERICH& SMITH, 1985; WOLPOFF, 1985). It is often implied that tooth size is closely related to body size, and in fact, tooth size is often used to dis- tinguish species (KIESER & GROENEVELD, 1987, 1988, 1991). Some studies, however, have focused on the nature of the ailometric relationship within species. The magnitude of intraspe- cific allometric variation between tooth size and body size differs between taxa (CREIGHTON, 1980). These differences may be due to variation between the sexes in ontogenetic development (GouLD, 1975a, b). The two sexes exhibit different allometric patterns relative to body size or to dimensions substituted as surrogates for body size. For instance, in Galago crassicaudatus the postcanine teeth show a significant and positive correlation with some cranial measurements in females, but not in males (KIESER & GROENEVELD, 1991). It is therefore of interest to compare allometric patterns, for instance between juvenile and adult, between female and male, within a single species not hitherto examined. The biology of golden monkeys is poorly documented compared with other primates because of the difficulties of obtaining specimens and studying their habitats. Brief studies of their ecol- ogy, behavior and anatomy date primarily from only a few years ago (ZHEN et al., 1981; Snl et al., 1982; YE et al., 1987; QUAy & XIE, 1989; Suet al., 1998). Morphometric analysis com- menced even more recently (PAN et al., 1992, 1993; PAN & JABLONSKI, 1993; JABLONSKI& PAN, 1995; JABLONSK1 et al., 1998). A preliminary study of this species shows that statistically signif-