Vol 4, Issue 4, 2016 ISSN - 2321-5496 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHYǧMASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF AVICENNIA MARINA LEAVES DINESH KUMAR G*, RAJAKUMAR R Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: dineshkumar.june28@gmail.com Received: 09 June 2016, Revised and Accepted: 14 June 2016 ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the phytoconstituent of ethanol extract of Avicennia marina using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ȋGC-MSȌ. Methods: GC-MS analysis of the leaves extract were performed using a Clarus ͷͲͲ Perkin-Elmer ȋAuto System XLȌ GC equipped and coupled to a mass detector turbo mass gold – Perking Elmer Turbomas ͷ.ʹ spectrometer with an Elite-ͳ ȋͳͲͲ% dimethyl poly siloxaneȌ, ͵ͲͲ m × Ͳ.ʹͷ mm × ͳ μm df capillary column. Results: The result of the GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of ͳʹ compounds. The most of the prevailing compounds are squalene; ʹR, ͵S-butane-ͳ,ʹ,͵,Ͷ-tetraol; palmitic acid; hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; ͵, ͹, ͳͳ, ͳͷ-tetramethyl-ʹ-hexadecen-ͳol; phytol; ȋEȌ-ͻ-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester; dodecanoic acid; octadecanoic acid, ʹ-methyl-,methyl ester; ͵Cyclohexen-ͳ carboxaldehyde, ͵-methyl; cis-ͻ-hexadecenal; ͵, ͹-dimethyl-ʹ, ͸-octadienyl ester, etc. Conclusion: This study concluded that the plant leaves contains rich amount of phytoconstituents. These bioactive components are very useful to cure many diseases and also used in many pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Avicennia marina, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Bioactive compounds. INTRODUCTION Plants are human friendly, which give food, fuel, and medicine from the days beyond dawn of civilization. Due to the health promoting effects, mangrove plants have been used for the medicinal rationale for many centuries and recent research has been focused on the plant-derived bioactive compounds. The herbal extract has potential inhibitory effects against human, animal, and plant pathogens. Today, herbal medicines occupied worldwide and used as home remedies and also in different health-care systems. )n some developing countries, society relies profoundly on traditional health practitioners and medicinal plants to meet their vital health-care requirements. These herbal medicines are gaining popularity among people in many developed countries as complementary and alternative therapies [ͳ]. During the last decade, traditional medicine has been used globally and gained attractiveness. Since the traditional medicines are safe, efficient, and of best quality, they become important criteria for both public and health authorities [ʹ]. The mangrove plants constitute a source of novel potential chemical compounds which are used in medicine and other applications. These novel phytoconstituents are analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ȋGC-MSȌ. )n current scenario, GC-MS techniques have proved to be a valuable method for the analysis of bioactive compounds such as fatty acids, lipids, alkaloids [͵,Ͷ], and volatile essential oil in medicinal plants. Avicennia marina is commonly known as gray mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae and is commonly used for the treatment of ulcers [ͷ], rheumatism, smallpox, and other ailments [͸]. Some studies were already reported for A. marina against parasites, fungi, and bacteria. (ence, the present attempt is to investigate the bioactive compounds of A. marina leaves using GC-MS technique. METHODS Collection and authentication of experimental plant Fresh, healthy, and young leaves of A. marina ȋForsskȌ Vierh. were collected from their natural habitat of Muthupet mangrove in Thiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu, )ndia, and authenticated by professionals in the Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, )ndia. The herbarium number of the plant is GDͲͲͳ. Preparation of extract The dried and powdered leaves of A. marina ȋͷͲͲ gȌ were extracted using Soxhlet extractor by evaporating with ͹ͷ% ethanol. The Soxhlet extraction was carried out for ͵ days, and the extract was collected. The excess ethanol was evaporated using vacuum evaporator. The sample is evaporated to dryness under boiling water bath at ͷͷ°C. GC-MS analysis Clarus ͷͲͲ Perkin-Elmer ȋAuto System XLȌ was used to carry out GC-MS analysis. GC equipped and coupled to a mass detector turbo mass gold - Perking Elmer Turbomas ͷ.ʹ spectrometer with an Elite-ͳ ȋͳͲͲ% dimethyl poly siloxaneȌ, ͵ͲͲ m × Ͳ.ʹͷ mm × ͳ μm df capillary column. )nitially, the instrument was maintained at temperature of ͳͳͲ°C for ʹ minutes. The temperature was raised up to ʹͺͲ°C at the rate of ͷ°C/min and maintained for ͻ minutes during the end of this period. )njection port temperature and helium flow rate were ensured as ʹͷͲ°C and ͳ ml/min, respectively. The ionization voltage was ͹Ͳ eV. The samples were injected in split mode as ͳͲ:ͳ. MS scan range was set at Ͷͷ-ͶͷͲ ȋm(zȌ. The chemical constituents were identified by GC-MS. The fragmentation patterns of mass spectra were compared with those stored in the spectrometer database using National )nstitute of Standards and Technology MS database. The percentage of each component was calculated from relative peak area of each component in the chromatogram. RESULTS GC-MS analysis of ethanolic leaves extract of A. marina that revealed the presence of ͳʹ compounds, which are presented in Table ͳ. The GC-MS chromatogram of the ͳʹ peaks of the compounds detected was shown in Fig. ͳ, and the components corresponding to the peaks were determined Research Article