Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1992
Functionalization of Halogenated Polystyrene Resins
Utilizing Highly Reactive Calcium
Richard A. O'Brien, 1 Tian-an Chen, 1 and Reuben D. Rieke 1"2
Received June 13, 1991; revised September 3, 1991
Polymeric organocalcium reagents were prepared via the oxidative addition
of highly reactive calcium, prepared from the lithium biphenylide reduction
of calcium iodide, to cross-linked p-bromopolystyrene, p-chloropolystyrene,
p-fluoropolystyrene, and chloromethylatedpolystyrene.These organocalcium
reagents react with a variety of electrophiles to yield functionalizedpolymers.
KEY WORDS: Functionalization; polymers; highly reactive calcium;
p-bromopolystyrene,chloromethylated polystyrene; organocatciumreagent.
INTRODUCTION
Chemical modification of cross-linked polystyrene resins has received
considerable attention in the literature and these resins have important
applications throughout chemistry [1 ]. Transformations are normally only
possible with a soluble reagent interacting in an intimate fashion with the
insoluble polymer. Recently, the formation of polymers containing
Grignard reagents was reported by Fr6chet et al. [2a, 2c] and Harvey and
Raston [2b] in which the soluble reagent, magnesium anthracene, reacted
with insoluble polymers containing chloromethyl groups or aryl and alkyt
bromides. The direct oxidative addition of highly reactive copper with
cross-linked p-bromopolystyrene with varying degrees of bromination was
recently reported by our group [3]. In this communication, we report the
first preparation of organocalcium reagents by the addition of highly
reactive soluble calcium to halogenated cross-linked polystyrene resins
and subsequent reaction with a variety of electrophiles to prepare
functionalized insoluble polymers. The development of organocalcium
1Department of Chemistry, Universityof Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304.
2 To whom correspondenceshould be addressed.
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1053-0495/92/0900-0345506.50/0 © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation