Environ Monit Assess (2012) 184:1379–1389
DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2048-0
Heavy metals in Yeniça ˘ ga Lake and its potential sources:
soil, water, sediment, and plankton
Yasemin Saygı · Sibel Atasagun Yi ˘ git
Received: 7 September 2010 / Accepted: 18 March 2011 / Published online: 15 April 2011
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
Abstract The distribution and accumulation of
heavy metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As,
Mo, Cd, Sn, Ba, Pb) in the water, sediments,
plankton of Yeniça ˘ ga Lake, and its potential
sources (creeks, sewage, artesian well, soil) were
investigated during 1-year study period as month-
ly or seasonally. Element analyses were per-
formed by ICP–MS. Results showed that the trace
and toxic elements (Al, As, Mn, Pb, Fe) concen-
tration in lake water and/or its feeding sources
were above the recommended water standards
(WHO, EC, EPA, TS-266). It was found that the
maximum accumulation of the heavy metals iron,
aluminum, manganese, zinc, and barium in the
sediment of Yeniça ˘ ga Lake. The accumulation
order of trace metals were Fe > Al > Mn > Zn >
Ba > Ni > Cr > As > Cu > Pb > Co > Mo > Sn >
Cd in the lake, creeks sediment, and soil samples.
The similar results suggest that the accumula-
tion of heavy metals in the sediment is a natural
process. Metals accumulated in the lake are natu-
rally mixed from the soil. However, the presence
Y. Saygı (B )
Biology Department, Faculty of Science,
Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800, Ankara, Turkey
e-mail: basbug@hacettepe.edu.tr
S. A. Yi ˘ git
Biology Department, Faculty of Science,
Ankara University, Be¸ sevler 06100, Ankara, Turkey
of heavy metals in the analysis of artesian well
water and sewage reveals that the transportation
occurs also from the groundwater to the lake. The
results obtained in plankton in Yeniça ˘ ga Lake
showed that aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, and
barium were most accumulated elements in the
plankton. The lower averages of lead prevalent in
the water and sediment during some months were
seen to have a significant mean accumulation in
the plankton.
Keywords Heavy metals · Bioaccumulation ·
Water · Sediment · Plankton · ICP–MS ·
Yeniça ˘ ga Lake
Introduction
The contamination of fresh waters with a wide
range of pollutants has become a matter of great
concern over the last few decades, not only be-
cause of the threat public water supplies but also
with the damage caused to the aquatic life. There-
fore, studies related with metals have been receiv-
ing increased worldwide attention, and the litera-
ture has many publications on this. Heavy metal
constitutes a major problem with regard to envi-
ronmental contamination because they are toxic
and tend to accumulate in living organisms (Bury
et al. 2003). Heavy metals are produced from a
variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. In