Cronicon OPEN ACCESS AGRICULTURE Research Article Nimisha Tripathi*, RK Singh, D Pal and RS Singh CSIR-Central mining and Fuel Research Institute, India Received: April 10, 2015; Published: July 21, 2015 *Corresponding Author: Nimisha Tripathi, School of Sciences, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK. Agroecology and Sustainability of Agriculture in India: An Overview Introduction Abstract Agroecology is the application of ecological concepts and methodological design for long-term enhancement and management of soil fertility and agriculture productivity. It provides a strategy to increase diversified agro-ecosystem. So it is benefiting the efect of the incorporation of plant and animal biodiversity, nutrient recycling; biomass creation and growth through the use of natural resource systems based on legumes, trees, and incorporation of livestock. These all make the basis of a sustainable agriculture and aim to improve the food system and societal sustainability. The agroecology supports production of both a huge quantity and diversity of good quality of food, thread and medicinal crops, together with family utilization and the market for economic and nutritionally at risk populations. Sustainable agricultural practices have to tackle the conservation of biodiversity, enhanced ecological functions, social tolerance, self-reliance, fairness, improved quality of life and economic productivity of crops and live- stock. Sustainability of agriculture is viewed critically from the point of food and ecological security at the regional scale. The aim of this article is to give an overview to identify the ideal conditions of best agriculture practices and the implications and future prospects of agro-ecology for sustainable agriculture in India. Keywords: Agroecology; Sustainability; Agriculture; Agroecosystem; Prospects Citation: Nimisha Tripathi., et al. “Agroecology and Sustainability of Agriculture in India: An Overview”. EC Agriculture 2.1 (2015): 241-248. India is a predominantly agro-economy based country with 70-75% people depending on agriculture [1]. Agriculture and food pro- duction are the foundation of life and the economy plays a pivotal role in construction and the sustainability of healthy societies. However, the benefits of agriculture are not fully harnessed in Indian scenario and thousands of people have no access to food every day due to the following two most apparent reasons: Consequently, a major population sufers from malnutrition in spite ushering in green revolution in major parts of the country. The public policies were made in the 1960s, to use pesticides for increase in crop production; however, the negative consequences and ad- verse ecological and environment impacts were realized quite later. Although the green revolution has increased the crop productivity, it has negative impacts on ecological system (e.g., degradation of land, refuse in soil fertility, salinization, soil erosion, health hazards, poor sustainability of agricultural lands, degradation of biodiversity and loss of organic matter, nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass [2,3,4]. Hence, an introduction of new technologies has been realized with great emphasis. Abbreviations: GDP: Gross Domestic Product; SRI: System of Rice Intensification 1. Lack of application of modern scientific methods, tools and implements coupled with limited agricultural land resources 2. A rapidly increasing population