Environ Monit Assess (2011) 182:317–324
DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-1878-0
Trace metals and radionuclides in macroalgae
from Moroccan coastal waters
Azzouz Benkdad · Abdelmourhit Laissaoui · Maria Victoria Tornero ·
Moncef Benmansour · ElMahjoub Chakir · Ignacio Moreno Garrido ·
Julian Blasco Moreno
Received: 24 September 2010 / Accepted: 18 January 2011 / Published online: 5 February 2011
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
Abstract Macroalgae species Codium sp, Bangia
atropurpurea, Membranoptera alata, Plocamium
cartilagineum, Dictyota dichotoma, Fucus spiralis
and Stypocaulon scoparia were collected from
seven stations along the north coast of Morocco.
Samples were analysed to determine activities of
naturally occurring radionuclides (
210
Pb, U iso-
topes and
40
K) and concentrations of metals (Zn,
Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, As and Cr) using ra-
diometric and ICP-OES techniques, respectively.
Metal concentrations were within ranges reported
in the scientific literature, and concentrations of
bio-essential elements were in the order Mn>Fe>
Zn>Cu in all samples. Brown algae had the highest
concentrations of almost all metals, and concen-
trations decreased in the order brown>red>green
algae. With respect to radionuclides, the red alga
A. Benkdad · A. Laissaoui (B ) · M. Benmansour
Centre National de l’Energie,
des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires,
B.P. 1382 10001 Rabat, Morocco
e-mail: laissaoui@cnesten.org.ma
M. V. Tornero · I. M. Garrido · J. B. Moreno
Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC),
Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, s/n. Puerto
Real, Cadiz, 11510 Spain
E. Chakir
LHESIR, Départment de Physique,
Faculté des Sciences, University Ibn Tofail,
Kenitra, Morocco
P. cartilagineum had the highest activities of
210
Pb,
in most cases an order of magnitude higher than
for the green alga Codium sp.
234
U and
238
U acti-
vities in all algae samples were in the range 0.96–
7.61 and 1.16–6.14 Bq/kg dry weight, respectively.
Our analyses of radionuclide activities and metal
concentrations in marine macroalgae showed large
differences among taxa. These results provide in-
sights into which algal species should be used for
biomonitoring programmes.
Keywords Moroccan coast · Algae ·
Radionuclides · Metals · Biomonitoring
Introduction
Coastal zones are sinks for urban and industrial
discharges, which introduce large amounts of pol-
lutants into the marine environment, causing sig-
nificant ecological degradation. During the last
few decades, many studies have established the
association of these pollutants with marine algae,
with the objective of understanding how these or-
ganisms reflect water quality (Bryan and Langston
1992; Storelli et al. 2001; Al-Masri et al. 2003;
Connan et al. 2007). Macroalgae are used world-
wide as quantitative bioindicators for dissolved
metal and radionuclide contamination in marine
systems because they are capable of accumulating
these substances to concentrations thousands of