Abstract—Radio Resource Management (RRM) techniques used
in the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
(WiMAX) can provide for many of the services and features
promised by 4G wireless networks, such as supporting
multimedia services with high data rates, and wide coverage
area, as well as all-IP with security and Quality of Service (QoS)
support. The IEEE 802.16 standard, associated with the WiMAX,
leaves the details of RRM components open for the vendors to
explore. In this paper we propose a novel scheme for the QoS
support in WiMAX including packet scheduling and bandwidth
allocation strategies. The proposed solution efficiently enhances
performance and utilizes resources, while being fair, practical
and in compliance with the IEEE 802.16 standard specifications.
Our solution provides QoS support to all traffic classes defined
by the standard, and it dynamically changes the bandwidth
allocation based on the traffic characteristics and service
demands. Simulation results show that the proposed solution can
deliver QoS support and be fair to all classes of service in a
WiMAX network.
Keywords- Packet Scheduling; QoS support; Inter-Class and
Intra-Class QoS support
I. INTRODUCTION
WiMAX is designed to provide high speed wireless access in
metropolitan area networks. RRM techniques and QoS support
are among the most important features of this technology.
WiMAX is associated with the IEEE 802.16 standard, which
defines five classes of traffic flows representing different
types of services in the following order: Unsolicited Grant
Service (UGS), Extended Real Time Polling Service (ertPS),
Real Time Polling Service (rtPS), Non-Real Time Polling
Service (nrtPS), and Best Effort Service (BE). The standard
defines a connection-oriented MAC protocol with a
mechanism for the QoS support. However, RRM techniques
such as Packet Scheduling (PS) and Bandwidth Allocation
(BA) schemes are left open for development by the vendors.
In this study, we propose a new scheme for the QoS support
that includes PS and BA called 2Tier-QoS Framework (2T-
QoSFW). The proposed solution supports all types of service
flows, and makes bandwidth allocation technique that is
dynamic and fair, and utilizes the resources in an efficient
way. The motivation for this study is to develop RRM
schemes that consider fairness and utilization, and to establish
parameters to quantify their values.
The proposed solution separates the traffic and provides
QoS support in two levels: Inter-Class and Intra-Class. The
components of the solution (PS and BA) are implemented in
two main building blocks: Tier-1 and Tier-2, and they work
based on two fundamental ideas: (i) Dynamic bandwidth
allocation based on traffic arrival rate, (ii) Intra-class versus
inter-class QoS support.
The QoS support is incorporated into the solution using
fairness and utilization. In WiMAX applications, fairness is
related to bandwidth allocation among different service
classes. There are several definitions and methods for
evaluating fairness such as Jain’s fairness, Gini coefficient,
Max-Min fairness [6]. Utilization in WiMAX networks
depends on application demands, user density, and available
network resources. In this paper we define fairness and
utilization as the ratios of allocated bandwidth (bw
alloc
) by the
requested bandwidth (bw
req
), and throughput achieved (Th) by
bw
alloc
respectively.
The rest of this paper is organized in the following order.
Section II reviews some of the works done by the research
community in PS and BA for WiMAX. Section III describes
our proposed solution including system architecture and
modeling features. Section IV includes preliminary simulation
results. Finally, we make a conclusion and list future plans for
this study in Section V.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
RRM for IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX has been studied by
many groups in the wireless research community. Several
schemes are proposed for PS and BA. RRM schemes are
categorized based on centralized/decentralized, Real-Time
(RT) versus Non-Real-Time (NRT), Uplink (UL) and
Downlink (DL) or basic versus complex schemes.
In the basic schemes, often a simple traditional queuing
discipline is considered for PS in all classes [1]. Such systems
use one or two simple queue disciplines to separate the traffic.
Giving different weights to various classes to highlight their
priorities is also used as a common strategy. Proposals based
on complex schemes for PS and BA combine several queuing
disciplines with some parameters related to traffic and
medium characteristics. They often develop schemes in more
than one stage. Complex Hierarchical schemes are proposed in
[2, 3]. In hierarchical schemes, the PS and BA are designed in
multiple levels. Often the traffic from different service classes
is separated in the first level, and then scheduled within each
class in the second level. Different levels of RRM could all be
performed in the BS or the tasks could be divided between BS
and SSs. In [5], the authors propose an Ad-hoc scheme for
scheduling, where a separate queuing discipline is used for
each service flow.
From a different perspective, the RRM could be classified
based on QoS support strategies. Most of the proposed
Amir Esmailpour
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada
Amir.Esmailpour@utoronto.ca
Nidal Nasser
Department of Computing and Information Science
University of Guelph
Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
nnasser@uoguelph.ca
A Novel Scheme for Packet Scheduling and
Bandwidth Allocation in WiMAX Networks
978-1-61284-231-8/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the IEEE ICC 2011 proceedings