ISSN 0016-7932, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 2015, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 547–554. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015.
Original Russian Text © R.I. Krasnoperov, R.V. Sidorov, A.A. Soloviev, 2015, published in Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, 2015, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 568–576.
547
1. INTRODUCTION
The International Real-Time Magnetic Observa-
tory Network (INTERMAGNET) routinely records
components of the Earth’s magnetic field and provides
the global scientific society with magnetic data
recorded and processed according to highest stan-
dards. The INTERMAGNET network is a unique
source of data for the interpolation and approximation
of the magnetic field distribution with the goal of
modeling the field and studying the geomagnetic
activity (Berezko et al., 2011; Soloviev A. et al. 2012a;
2013b). In particular, such techniques allow a deter-
mination of the parameters of the Earth’s magnetic
field in hard-to-reach regions of the Russian Federa-
tion, where the deployment of geomagnetic observa-
tories is impossible. The INTERMAGNET network
today includes more than 130 magnetic observatories
located at different places, from polar archipelagos to
equatorial regions. The density and geographical cov-
erage of the geomagnetic observatory network is the
most important factor in the construction of adequate
models of the Earth’s magnetic field and the distribu-
tion of its variations. The density is quite high in West-
ern Europe, and the coverage is quite homogeneous in
Northern America, while the INTERMAGENT net-
work is less dense in Asia and on the territory of USSR.
In particular, only eight Russian, two Ukrainian, and
one Kazakhstan observatories participate in the
INTERMAGNET network. Thus, compensation for
the lack of Russian magnetic observatories should
contribute significantly to the development of a system
for monitoring and estimating geomagnetic condi-
tions on the Russian territory.
The first Russian magnetic observatories were ren-
ovated according to the INTERMAGENT standards
with the support of the CRENEGON international
project (The Creation of a Renewed Network of Basic
Geomagnetic Observatories of NIS Countries). This
project allowed five observatories of NIS countries to
join the INTERMAGNET network. The Irkutsk mag-
netic observatory started transmitting data into the
INTERGAMGNET geomagnetic information nodes
in 1998 and became the first Russian magnetic obser-
vatory to officially enter the INTERMAGNET net-
work in 1999 (Potapov et al., 2011). In 2002, an
INTERMAGNET-standard magnetic observatory
was deployed on the basis of the Borok geophysical
observatory (Yaroslavskaya oblast) as part of the col-
laboration between the Schmidt Institute of Physics of
the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Paris
Institute of the Physics of Earth. This observatory
received official INTERMAGNET status in April
2004 (Chulliat, 2008).
The development of a network of INTERMAGNET-
standard magnetic observatories on the Russian territory
is an important applied research task that can be imple-
mented by joint efforts of institutes of the Federal Agency
for Scientific Organizations and ROSHYDROMET
(Gvishiani et al., 2014; Soloviev et al., 2013a). The
deployment of new INTERMAGENT magnetic
Modern Geodetic Methods for High-Accuracy Survey Coordination
on the Example of Magnetic Exploration
R. I. Krasnoperov
a
, R. V. Sidorov
a
, and A. A. Soloviev
a, b
a
Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
b
Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: r.krasnoperov@gcras.ru; r.sidorov@gcras.ru; a.soloviev@gcras.ru
Received October 29, 2014; in final form, February 5, 2015
Abstract—The purposes and problems of the international network of geomagnetic observatories
INTERMAGNETare briefly described in the work. The importance of the development of the Russian seg-
ment of the network as a part of a system for monitoring and estimating geomagnetic conditions on the Rus-
sian territory is emphasized. An example of the use of modern high-precision geodetic equipment for coor-
dinate referencing of field geophysical observation is described. Factors that distort the referencing of field
observations in problems of survey, engineering, and technical geophysics are listed, as well as those related
to detail and high-resolution geophysical surveying and those that require a corresponding accuracy of obser-
vation point coordination. The magnetic exploration at the site of the Yamal INTERMAGNET-standard
observatory serves an example to describe a technique for geodetic provision of a detailed geophysical survey
by means of joint use of differential GNSS measurements and electronic tacheometry. The main advantages
and disadvantages of the technique suggested are listed.
DOI: 10.1134/S0016793215040076