Effect of microcracking on the micromechanics of fatigue crack
growth in austempered ductile iron
J. ORTIZ*, A. P. CISILINO and J. L. OTEGUI
Welding and Fracture Division—INTEMA, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
Received in final form 27 April 2001
ABSTRACT The effect of microcracking on the mechanics of fatigue crack growth in austempered
ductile iron is studied in this paper. The mechanism of fatigue crack growth is modelled
using the boundary element method, customized for the accurate evaluation of the
interaction effects between cracks and microcracks emanating from graphite nodules.
The effects of nodule size and distribution and crack closure are considered, with
deviation bounds of computed results estimated through weight-function analyses. A
continuum approach is employed as a means of quantifying the shielding effect of
microcracking on the dominant propagating crack, due to the reduction of stiffness of
the material in the neighbourhood of the crack tip. Although the results obtained may
not yield actual numbers for real cases, they are in accordance with experimental
observations and demonstrate how the main factors affect the crack growth of the
macrocrack.
Keywords austempered ductile iron; boundary element method; fatigue crack growth;
microcracking; numerical modelling.
NOMENCLATURE A
c
=surface of the process area at macrocrack tip
A
nod
=cross-sectional area of nodules
ADI =austempered ductile iron
a =length of macrocracks
c =length of microcracks emanating from nodules
C =constant in fatigue-crack propagation law
d =average minimum distance between nodules
da/dN =crack propagation rate
K
m
=crack-tip stress intensity factor for microcracks
K
max
, K
min
, K
op
=maximum, minimum and opening level of crack-tip stress intensity
factor
K
tip
=crack-tip stress intensity factor for macrocracks
E =Young’s modulus
M=number of microcracks per unit volume
m =exponent in fatigue-crack propagation law
N
area
=area nodule count
N
vol
=volume nodule count
N =load cycles
r =average radius of graphite nodules
r
c
=radius of penny-shaped microcracks
S =strain density factor
Correspondence: A. P. Cisilino, Welding and Fracture Division—
INTEMA, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Mar
del Plata—CONICET, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302 (7600), Mar del
Plata, Argentina.
E-mail: cisilino@fi.mdp.edu.ar
*On leave from Universidad Privada del Norte, Trujillo, Peru ´.
© 2001 Blackwell Science Ltd. Fatigue Fract Engng Mater Struct 24, 591–605 591