RF Characterization of Mg
0.2
Zn
0.8
O
Thin Film Capacitors for MMIC Applications
R. Ahmad, M. Salina
1
, S. Sulaiman, A. Awang Teh, M. Kara, M. Rusop
2
and Z. Awang
Microwave Technology Centre (MTC),
1, 2
Nano-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia
imarazak97@yahoo.com,
1
ina1320@yahoo.com, suhana832@salam.uitm.edu, azman.awangteh@gmail.com
Abstract— Mg
0.2
Zn
0.8
O thin films are proposed as a new
dielectric material for monolithic microwave integrated circuit
(MMIC) to replace current dielectric materials due to its high
permittivity which can lead to size reduction, in addition to being
compatible with semiconductor processing. In this work,
Mg
0.2
Zn
0.8
O films were prepared using sol gel spin coating
technique, and the films were deposited on Pt-coated Si
substrates. Energy dispersive analysis by X-ray (EDAX),
scanning (SEM) and field emission scanning electron (FESEM)
microscopes were used to study the structural properties. The
film thickness was found to be approximately between 0.3 to 0.4
µm with grain sizes about 25 nm. In order to study the radio
frequency (RF) properties, capacitors with 50 × 50 μm
2
electrode
area were patterned on the MgZnO layer using electron beam
lithography (EBL). In this work, we report the RF properties of
these films which were measured using Wiltron 37269A vector
network analyzer (VNA) and Cascade Microtech on-wafer
probes measured over the frequency range of 0.5 to 3 GHz. Our
findings show that the films exhibit dielectric constant values
between 5 to 55, and loss tangent between 0.02 and 0.04. We feel
that our results represent the best RF performance so far
by MgZnO films.
Keywords- MgZnO, sol-gel, thin films, MMIC capacitors,
MMIC dielectrics
I. INTRODUCTION
Various thin film dielectrics can be used for MMIC
applications such as SiO
2
, Si
3
N
4
, polyimide, SrTiO, BST and
PZT [1-4]. From the literature, they can be classified into two
categories: low and high k dielectrics. Examples of low k
dielectrics are SiO
2
(ε
r
= 4.2), polyimide (5) and Si
3
N
4
(7.5),
while high k dielectrics are PZT (where ε
r
ranges from 400
to1500) and BST (250 to 500).
With increasing demands for circuit size reduction in
wireless communications low k dielectrics such as SiO
2
and
Si
3
N
4
are no longer in favor. Circuits constructed using this
material will be relatively large since their sizes are inversely
proportional to (ε
r
)
1/2
. Therefore materials with higher
permittivity are desired for miniaturization [5].
Even though PZT has high dielectric constant, our previous
work [4, 6] show that it was difficult to realize 50 Ω lines
because the permittivity was too high, this resulted in high
return loss. In addition, the films were very lossy and this
caused the lines to show very high insertion losses.
Thus an alternative dielectric which can offer better high
frequency response in terms of moderate dielectric constant
and less loss is needed to overcome the aforementioned issues.
Besides that, the films should also be compatible with
semiconductor processing [7]. Recently, MgZnO thin films
have received much attention due to their promising structural
and electrical properties such as highly uniform, less crystal
defects, transparency in visible region, compatible etching
process, high dielectric constant, high resistivity, low
temperature growth and tunable bandgap properties [8-10].
Various deposition techniques have been used to prepare
Mg
x
Zn
1-x
O films such as molecular beam epitaxy, metal-
organic chemical deposition, RF magnetron co-sputtering,
pulse laser deposition and sol-gel [11-15]. Among these
techniques, the sol-gel process is credited with several
advantages including simple, cost effective and the possibility
of coating on a large area. In addition, the composition of the
films can be altered easily by adjusting different ion
proportions in the solution [16]. MgZnO films have been
developed by other researchers for several device applications
such as thin film transistor, resonator, metal-semiconductor-
metal (MSM) solar blind photo-detector and ultraviolet light
emitting diode (LED) [17-20]. The films were also reported to
be compatible as a seed layer for carbon nanotubes [21, 22].
As reported by J. Liang et al [23], they managed to obtain
dielectric constant about 10 at 1 MHz, however the loss tangent
were not revealed. In [24], they reported on the fabrication of
metal-insulator-silicon (MIS) structures. Capacitor areas of
1.5310
-3
cm
2
were patterned by photolithography with Al as the
electrode and the electrical properties were characterized at the
said frequency.
To the authors’ knowledge, no experimental work on
MgZnO was reported to obtain their properties at RF. Thus, it
is the purpose of this paper to investigate MgZnO films at high
frequencies for potential use in MMIC. In this work,
Mg
0.2
Zn
0.8
O was prepared using sol gel technique and
deposited on Pt/Si substrate, details of which have been
published in [22]. RF test structures which consisted of a
combination of a 50 Ω transmission line (TL) and a capacitor
was patterned using EBL. The RF properties were obtained and
2011 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM 2011), 12th - 14th December 2011, Seremban, Malaysia
978-1-4577-1631-7/$26.00 © 2011 IEEE 420