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© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)
Global Business and Organizational Excellence • DOI: 10.1002/joe.20154 • May/June 2007
Organizational Transformation—
From Multinational to Global: An
Early Dynamic Modeling Perspective
ADAM GROOTHUIS
& YUSAF H. AKBAR
This paper examines the evolution of an organiza-
tion strategy aimed at creating a global company.
The paper offers a conceptual and experimental
framework for this process. The article defines the
adoption of a globalization strategy in terms of eco-
nomic, “political” and “social” phases that are trig-
gered temporally and spatially by agents and/or
structural events. The process of transformation
itself is a strategy and the adoption of a globalization
strategy is dependent on the scope of the agent
respective to its trigger. The evolution of a globaliza-
tion strategy appears to be initiated by a need to lib-
eralize rules and regulations both within an
organization but also within a country that will lead
to eventual economic benefits. The adoption of a
globalization strategy provides further economic
benefit, but requires increased liberalization and the
creation of what this paper terms a “hybrid organi-
zation.” Moreover, the commitment to integrate a
globalization strategy involves a “social” component
that requires acceptance of new organizational
frameworks and is achieved through “normative dif-
fusion.” Based on experimental data, this paper will
highlight seminal literature to define a framework
for the evolution of a globalization strategy and cre-
ate a dynamic model to define a relative timeframe
for an MNE to evolve a globalization strategy.
Managerial implications are offered based on our
analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How do companies with global ambitions translate
this vision into successful organizational transfor-
mation? While senior managers in a company may
recognize the globalization imperative, how can this
be spread through a company in order to achieve
their globalization aims? How do companies move
away from international expansion based on
unstructured ad hoc approaches towards a system-
atic, or systems-based approach?
Our paper seeks to answer these and related ques-
tions. These issues are pressing for managers who
are witnessing increased global competition in their
core markets. Moreover, recent years have wit-
nessed a dramatic increase in the scope of this glob-
al competition so that small, medium, and large
companies alike are now competing in global mar-
ketplaces—witness the competition between VoIP
service providers and huge national telecommunica-
tions companies as an illustration of this.
Moreover, strategy and organizational structure are
so interwoven that even the most elegant of global-
ization strategies drawn up in the boardrooms of
companies can fail when they are drawn down
through the organization—unless companies adopt a
more systematic approach to organizational global-
ization. One way of building a systematic approach
is to leverage new analytical techniques such as the
one presented below.
Christopher Bartlett and Sumatra Ghoshal’s seminal
paper on “What is a Global Manager?” provided sig-
nificant impetus for analyzing how and in what ways
multinational enterprises (MNEs) can transform their
organizational form from domestic or multinational
ones into global organizational structures that would
arguably enable them to compete in an increasingly
competitive transnational marketplace. An implica-
tion of Bartlett and Ghoshal is that the evolution of
such an organizational change (allied to an intended
global strategy) requires a significant change in both