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© Soci~td d'Edition de l'Association d'Enseignement Mddical des H6pitaux de Paris, 1999
Complications and outcome
in open carpal tunnel release
A 6-year follow-up in 92 patients
T. LINDAU 1, M.K. KARLSSON 2
SUMMARY: In this retrospective study, 92 patients (83% attendance rate) were
examined 6 years after open carpal tunnel release. A questionnaire was answered
by the patient and a physical examination was made by an independent observer.
Five complications were found, of which 4 were early postoperative problems and
one was a major complication with long-term disability. In one third of the patients
numerous complaints were noted even after six years. Recurrences were found in
9 cases. No lacerations of nerves, tendons or vessels were seen and no patient
developed reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The overall subjective outcome showed
that 91% of the patients were free of symptoms or improved. The grip strength at
follow-up was reduced, if the symptoms had been present for more than 12 months,
as compared to less than 12 months, (p=0.009) and when associated, unspecific
brachialgia had been present (p=0.02). No differences were found in conjunction
with the operating surgeon being either an orthopaedic resident or a specialist in
hand surgery. In conclusion, open carpal tunnel release had a subjectively favou-
rable outcome, but due to complications and postoperative complaints, further
investigations into alternative techniques seem necessary.
Ann Chir Main (Ann Hand Surg), 1999, 18, n ° 2, 115-121.
KEY-WORDS : Complications. - Outcome. - Carpal tunnel syndrome.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most com-
mon nerve entrapment syndrome [14, 24] and open
carpal tunnel release (OCTR) has been "the golden
standard" of treatment since 1951 [33]. Over the
years, many variants, such as early postoperative
mobilisation [9, 31] and transverse ligament leng-
thening techniques [ 17, 19] have been tried. In order
to decrease the postoperative problems around the
scar, new endoscopic, both uniportal and 2-portal,
carpal tunnel release (ECTR) techniques [1, 3, 5, 6,
12, 13, 18, 20, 23, 28-32] have been developed. In
response to this, modifications of the standard
OCTR have been presented with the limited inci-
sion [31] and double incision techniques [37].
Descriptive studies have shown a more rapid
return of strength and function with endoscopic and
limited incision techniques [26]. However, reports
of complications have stirred controversy [27, 32,
Manuscrit accept6 d6finitivement le 28 avri11999.
1. Hand Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, University
Hospital in Lund, Lund University, S-22185 LUND (Sweden).
2. Department of Orthopaedics, Malm6 University Hospital,
MALMO (Sweden).