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Mar Biol (2014) 161:131–139
DOI 10.1007/s00227-013-2322-5
ORIGINAL PAPER
The effects of an abnormal decrease in temperature on the
Eastern Pacific reef-building coral Pocillopora verrucosa
A. P. Rodríguez-Troncoso · E. Carpizo-Ituarte ·
D. T. Pettay · M. E. Warner · A. L. Cupul-Magaña
Received: 25 June 2013 / Accepted: 30 August 2013 / Published online: 12 September 2013
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
opposed to translocation to the host coral. With a decreased
availability of symbiont-derived carbon, the coral likely
catabolized storage lipids in order to survive the stress
event. Despite this stress and some tissue necrosis, no
mortality was noted and corals recovered quickly when
returned to the ambient temperature. As these results are
in marked contrast to similar studies investigating elevated
temperature on this coral from this same location, Pocil-
lopora in the Mexican Central Pacific may be more prone
to long-term damage and mortality during periods of ocean
warming as opposed to ocean cooling.
Introduction
In recent years, global coral communities have been
increasingly affected by bleaching, whereby the dinoflag-
ellate (genus Symbiodinium) that forms an endosymbiosis
with reef corals is expelled from the host. The majority of
bleaching events from the past several decades have been
associated with abnormal increases in sea surface tempera-
ture, at times occurring during El Niño events (Kleypas
et al. 2001; Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007). With the future
predictions of more frequent and severe bleaching events
linked with global climate change (Veron et al. 2009), there
is concern that the capacity for survival of coral communi-
ties may become compromised.
Coral communities from the Mexican Pacific (MP) are
composed by fringing reefs, where corals in the genus
Pocillopora are ecologically dominant and are distrib-
uted in the shallower areas, though members of the genera
Pavona and Porites are found in deeper areas (Carriquiry
et al. 2001). Reefs of the central MP, which are character-
ized by higher species richness (Reyes-Bonilla and López-
Pérez 1998), have suffered massive bleaching events due
Abstract Coral bleaching events are associated with
abnormal increases in temperature, such as those produced
during El Niño. Recently, a breakdown in the coral–dino-
flagellate (genus Symbiodinium) endosymbiosis has been
documented in corals exposed to anomalously cold-water
temperatures associated with La Niña events. Given the
ecological significance of such events, as well as the threat
of global climate change, surprisingly little is known about
the physiological response of corals to cold stress. This
study evaluated some physiological effects of continuous
temperature decline in colonies of the eastern Pacific reef-
building coral Pocillopora verrucosa. Twenty days of incu-
bation at 18.5–19.0 °C resulted in a substantial decrease in
holobiont lipid and Chla content, as well as an increase in
Symbiodinium density. These observations suggest a com-
bination of symbiont acclimation due to the temperature
decline and reallocation of carbon toward algal growth as
Communicated by U. Sommer.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this
article (doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2322-5) contains supplementary
material, which is available to authorized users.
A. P. Rodríguez-Troncoso · A. L. Cupul-Magaña (*)
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de
la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad No. 203,
48280 Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico
e-mail: amilcar_cupul@yahoo.com.mx
E. Carpizo-Ituarte
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana Km
103, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
D. T. Pettay · M. E. Warner
College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University
of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA