I nternational Journal of Energy Science I JES IJES Vol.2 Iss.4 2012 PP.133-140 www.ijesci.org ○ C World Academic Publishing ~ 133 ~ Energy Strategies for India under Perspective Energy Scenario V. A. Kulkarni #1 , P. K. Katti #2 #1 Padmashree Dr. D Y. Patil, Institute of Engg. & Technology, Pune, India #2 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University (BATU), Lonere, India 1 vjykulkarni58@yahoo.com; 2 pk_katti2003@yahoo.com Abstract- Energy Supply – demand gap is increasing in almost all parts of the world. With depleting energy resources, the energy scarcity has become a global problem. Global supply-demand gap during the year 2010 was 11.35% as against 5.32% in 2001. Industrialisation and increased use of energy may result in energy crisis and thus needs to be addressed with priority. With seemingly poor growth rate of 5.6% of fuel resources it does not match the power requirement. For India, the energy scenario is not different. The demand has grown by 54% in the last five years and the average gap is 9.1% with net capacity addition of just 6.5%. This paper highlights the global and Indian energy scenario along with the need for energy studies in the wake of energy import situation. Further, the required energy policies and strategies to be implemented to tackle the energy challenges under the Indian scenario have been discussed. Keywords- Energy Scenario; Energy Challenges; Energy Strategies I. INT RODUCTION Energy is the basic necessity of human beings. With globally increased quality of life and advancements in technologies, the requirement of energy is increasing every year. As regards to global energy, there is record growth in all aspects like, energy consumption increased to 5.6% in 2010, oil to 3.1%, oil production to 2.2%, crude runs to 2.4%, natural gas consumption to 7.4%, coal consumption to 7.6% and increased imports in major countries. But proved reserves of oil from 1990 to 2010 was 1003.2 to 1383.2 thousand million barrels, at an annual rate of increase of 3.6%. This is superseded by the consumption which is 5.2% [1] . India is home for 17% of the world’s population. The requirement of its energy is unquenchable for many years. India is facing significant challenges in achieving reduction in power generation while also meeting the predicted growth in demand and supply. More efficient use of electricity in India would be greatly helped by adequate policies, regulations and standards encouraging the use of more efficient appliances and systems. This should be supplemented by a combination of various energy strategies. Various aspects of necessity for energy studies, energy scenario, energy strategies, policies and regulations have been discussed in the following sections. II. NEED FOR ENERGY ST UDIES Demand for energy is rising rapidly with growing population, industrialisation and changed life style. Energy is needed for all the energy sectors like transport, industries, domestic and commercial. This results in increase in per capita consumption [2] . Non renewable energy sources like Coal and other fossil fuels are fast depleting. Today, 85% of primary energy comes from non renewable, and fossil sources (coal, oil, etc.) are diminishing leading to exhaust of resources. In the last two hundred years, 60% of all resources have been consumed [3] . It is estimated that the world will need to produce far more energy in 2030 than it does today. World energy demand may expand by 36% between 2008 and 2030 an average rate of increase of 1.2% per year. In America, with power accounting for 40% of CO 2 emissions, the U.S. faces challenges in producing clean electricity [4] . Globally, the gap between the supply and demand is rapidly increasing which may pose challenge to the world. It is required that generation should match the demand at generation side, efficient transmission in transmission network and at distribution side by reducing the demand using efficient use and effective management of energy. This necessitates the need for the extensive study to be made for saving of energy at all the sectors and stages of energy. In any case, reliable and affordable energy is expected from the end user. III. ENERGY SCENARIO Energy scenario deals with the energy expected to be consistent with the possible futures. It explains the past event present status and future trends. Hence it helps in planning and execution of energy projects. A. Global Oil is the leading fuel having 33.6% share of global consumption. But because of increase in its volatile price, it is losing the market. Table I shows the share and growth rate of the fuels. Global energy consumption growth rate is 5.6% in 2010, the highest rate in 1973 [1] . Energy demand is increasing at an annual average rate of 1.6% from 2004 and expected to reach more than 50% till 2030. But at the current rate of production, global coal reserves are estimated to last for almost another 150 years. [4], [5], [6] . Energy demand is increasing at an annual average rate of 1.6% from 2004 and expected to reach more than 50% till 2030. But at the current rate of production, global coal reserves are estimated to last for almost another 150 years [4], [5], [6] . Competition for fossil fuel resources is a source of international tension, and potentially a matter of conflict. Average world per capita energy consumption is 2782kWh. Table II shows nation wise per capita consumption in the years 2006 and 2010. Majority of nations show consistently the increasing trend in supply - demand gap [7, 8] . TABLE I GLOBAL TYPE OF FUEL –SHARE AND GROWTH Sl . No. Type of Fuel Gl obal Share (%) Growth Rate (%) 1. Oil 33.6 3.1 2. Coal 29.6 7.6 3. Hydro 18.5 5.3 4. Nuclear 7.0 2.0 5. Natural gas 3.00 7.4 6. Renewable 1.8 15.5 7. Other 7.1 1.5