Statistical Time Energy Based Damage Detection in
Steel Plates Using Artificial Neural Networks
Paulraj M P, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Sazali Yaacob, Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman and R.Pranesh Krishnan
School of Mechatronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia.
praneshkrishnan@gmail.com
Abstract- In this paper, a simple method for crack
identification in steel plates based on statistical time energy is
presented. A simple experimental procedure is also proposed to
measure the vibration at different positions of a steel plate. The
plate is excited by an impulse signal and made to vibrate;
statistical features are then extracted from the vibration signals
which are measured at different locations. These features are
then used to develop a neural network model. A simple neural
network model trained by back propagation algorithm is then
developed based on the statistical time energy features to classify
the damage location in a steel plate. The effectiveness of the
system is validated through simulation.
Keywords- Time domain, Damage Detection, Back Propagation
neural network.
I. INTRODUCTION
Health monitoring of vibrating structure in machines is a
important task in industries. Damages can put human safety at
risk, cause long term machine downtimes, interruption in the
production and subsequently increase the production cost.
Early damage detection and possible location of the faults
from the vibration measurements is one of the primary task of
condition monitoring. Condition monitoring enables early
detection of faults. In recent years there has been an increasing
interest in the development of online condition monitoring
systems due to the success in several applications.
A damage condition of a steel plate can be detected by the
vibration signal propagating through it, when it is subjected to
an impulse force. There are many technologies that have been
developed to detect the faults in a gear box, bridge structures
and bearings.
The existence of a crack in a steel plate reduces the stiffness
of the plate and this reduction in stiffness ultimately reduces
the natural frequencies. Further, this also changes the mode
shape of vibration. An analysis of the propagation of the
vibration signal makes it possible to detect the fault.
An extensive literature review of the state of art of vibration
analysis and damage detection has been recently published by
S.W. Doebling [1]. A detailed survey of the state of art in the
damage detection field using modal analysis has been
presented by Richardson[2[. A detailed review of the different
vibration and acoustic methods such as the time and frequency
domains, acoustic emission technique are presented by
Tandon and Nakra [3]. Using fracture mechanics method,
Dimarogonas [4] and Anifactis [4] computed the equivalent
stiffness and developed a model for crack detection in beams.
An experimental technique to estimate the location and depth
of a crack in a beam has been developed by Adams and
Cawley [6]. The methodology of crack detection based on
natural frequency changes has been closely studied by Shen
and Pierre [7]. In this paper, it is proposed to detect a faulty
location based on the statistical time energy based features
extracted from the vibration signal.
II. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND DATA AQUISITION
A. Data Acquisition System (DAQ)
Measurements of the vibration signals are acquired using a
LMS SCADAS Mobile SCM01 Data Acquisition System.
This system has 4 input channels and Ethernet connectivity to
the LMS Test Lab 8A software. The features supported by the
LMS SCADAS are: a maximum sampling frequency range of
up to 102.4 kHz per channel, 105 dB signal to noise ratio and
a high speed Ethernet connection. The DAQ system is
monitored through the LMS Test Lab software which supports
a wide range of applications.
.
B. Vibration and Pressure Transducers
Accelerometers are Vibration transducers which possess
high natural frequencies compared to the vibration to be
measured and indicate acceleration [8]. The piezoelectric
accelerometers are widely preferred over the digital
accelerometers in many applications due to its high accuracy
and sensitivity. The general purpose Piezoelectric
accelerometer with an input sensitivity of 10 / 31.6 / 100mV/g
(g = 9.82 m/s
2
) and a resonant frequency of 28 kHz is used in
this experimental work.
Force transducers are used to produce impulse forces and
commonly used for impact tests. The general purpose force
transducers or so called impact hammer (Dytran 5800B2 -
50LbF range, 100 mV/LbF) is used in this research work.
C. Experimental Setup
A simple experimental design to test the structure in a
simply supported condition is proposed in this paper. An
aluminum test rig of dimensions (90x60x3) cm is fabricated
978-1-4244-4152-5/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE 34
2009 5th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA)