Viral Hepatitis Changes in the Incidence and Severity of Recurrent Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation Over 1990 –1999 O. Alonso, C. Loinaz, M. Abradelo, B. Pe ´ rez, A. Manrique, R. Go ´ mez, C. Jime ´nez, J.C. Meneu, I. Garcı´a, and E. Moreno-Gonza ´ lez ABSTRACT Background/aim. Changes in immunosuppression and other factors may have changed the severity of recurrent hepatitis C during recent years. This study sought to establish the changes in incidence and severity of recurrent hepatitis C, and its association with the changes in acute rejection and induction immunosuppressive therapy between 1990 and 1999. Patients and methods. Among 213 liver transplants in HCV-infected recipients, 129 grafts were selected for this study: all grafts with severe recurrent hepatitis C (fibrosis 3– 4 in Scheuer’s score or fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis), and those grafts without severe recurrence with at least 2 years of follow up. Grafts were divided in 5 groups depending on the year of transplantation to compare recurrent hepatitis C-related variables, AR incidence and induction immunosuppression. Results. Hepatitis-free survival decreased in recent years (p = 0.015). The incidence of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis was higher among 1996 –1997 and the 1998 –1999 periods (p = 0.019). Survival free of severe hepatitis at 1 year follow up was 95% in 1990 –1991 and 80% in 1998 –1999; however, in the long-term the survival was similar between groups (p = 0.933). HCV-related graft survival at 5 years was 93.5% in the 1990 –95 period and 82.5% in 1996 –99 (p = 0.068). Neither AR nor any regimen of induction immunosup- pression was associated with changes in the occurrence of recurrent hepatitis C related survival. Conclusions. Severity of recurrent hepatitis C and HCV-related graft loss after liver transplantation were higher in the second half of the 1990s; however, there was no association with AR or induction immunosuppression. S INCE A DECREASED PATIENT SURVIVAL has been reported among liver transplantation (LT) recip- ients in recent years, 1 this study sought to establish whether changes in the incidence and severity of recurrent hepatitis C, was associated with the changes in acute rejection (AR), From the Department of Surgery, Hospital “12 de Octubre,” Madrid, Spain. Address reprint requests to O. Alonso, Department of Surgery, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. Co ´ rdoba Km 5,5. Madrid 28041, Spain. 0041-1345/03/$–see front matter © 2003 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0041-1345(03)00604-3 360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710 1836 Transplantation Proceedings, 35, 1836 –1837 (2003)