ELSEVIER
THE INTERACTION OF
BILINGUALISM AND
STUTTERING IN AN ADULT
DANA L. JANKELOWITZ and MELISSA A. BORTZ
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology
University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
The relation between bilingualism and stuttering was examined in a bilingual adult who
stutters. Language ability in English and Afrikaans was assessed through the use of
cloze and language proficiency tests. Anticipation, adaptation and consistency of stuttering
were investigated. Frequency, distribution and nature of disfluencies on narrative and
procedural tasks were analyzed according to a modified version of the Systematic
Disfluency Analysis (SDA) (Campbell & Hill, 1987). Results indicated that language
ability influenced frequency, distribution and nature of disfluencies. The subject was
more proficient and stuttered less in his predominant language. Implications for the
interaction of language and stuttering were discussed. Clinical strategies for dealing with
bilingual stutterers were considered.
INTRODUCTION
The research conducted by Brown (1945) on rules that govern the occur-
rence of moments of stuttering, highlights the close relation between the
disorder of stuttering and language. His discovery that the chance for a
word to be stuttered grows linearly as the number of specified-linguistic
parameters that it contains increases, demonstrated that stuttering is not
random, and emphasized the strength of the language linkage. Bloodstein
(1974) also provided data on linguistic influences on early stuttering in young
children, and Chevekeva (1967) held that stuttering represents a type of lan-
guage problem. In this regard, it is interesting to note that there have been
many reports documenting frequent association between childhood stut-
tering and language disorders (see reviews by Homzie and Lindsey, 1984;
Nippold, 1990). Bernstein (1981), Conture (1990), Gordon, Luper and Peter-
son (1986) and others have found relations between syntactic complexity
Address correspondence to: Ms. M. Bortz, at her current affiliation, Ph.D. Program in Speech
and Hearing Science, CUNY Graduate Center, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.
J. COMMUN. DISORD. 29 (1996), 223-234
© 1996 by Elsevier Science Inc. 0021-9924/96/$15.00
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