Dendrochronologia 30 (2012) 57–60
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Dendrochronologia
journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/dendro
Technical note
detrendeR – A Graphical User Interface to process and visualize tree-ring data
using R
Filipe Campelo
a,*
, Ignacio García-González
b
, Cristina Nabais
a
a
Centro de Ecologia Funcional, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
b
Departamento de Botánica, Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
article info
Article history:
Received 16 September 2010
Accepted 19 January 2011
Keywords:
ARSTAN
Chronology
Detrending
GUI
R language
abstract
In this paper, we present the package detrendeR, a Graphical User Interface to facilitate the visualization
and analysis of dendrochronological data, using the R computing environment. This package offers an easy
way to perform most of the traditional tasks in dendrochronology: detrending, chronology building and
graphical presentation of time series. The advantage of detrendeR, compared with the program ARSTAN,
is the graphical interface that provides the user with an easy way to use R language, rich in graphics and
handling routines, with no need to type commands. The detrendeR uses a simple and familiar dialog-
box interface and it can read Tucson decadal-format files (*.rwl and *.crn) as well as plain text files. In
addition, detrendeR has the ability to test temporal changes of the common signal using moving intervals.
The detrendeR should make it easier to perform detrending and chronology building of tree-ring series,
taking advantage of the R statistical programming environment.
© 2011 Istituto Italiano di Dendrocronologia. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Chronology building and quality assessment are two of the most
important tasks in dendrochronological research. For many years
dendrochronologists have been using ARSTAN, which produces
chronologies from tree-ring series after detrending, and computes
tree-ring indices (Cook, 1985). An autoregressive model can also
be applied either to the index series before averaging all of them,
or to the final chronology, if still showing persistence, and chronol-
ogy quality is assessed on a common interval including most of
the series. Though very powerful, ARSTAN runs in a Command Line
Interface (CLI), which poses some difficulties to new users. Chronol-
ogy building and quality assessment can also be carried out by
other command line environments such as Matlab (Meko, 2002)
and more recently by R, with the introduction of recent packages
such as dplR (Bunn, 2008; Bunn, 2010) and bootRes (Zang, 2009). R
is an interpreted programming language with a run-time environ-
ment with graphics, a debugger, access to certain system functions
and the ability to run commands stored in script files, allowing the
user to create specific functions and routines to solve their own
problems, being therefore easily extensible (R Development Core
Team, 2009). Moreover, R is open source and thus available under
the GNU license agreement. Several hundred packages are avail-
able on CRAN and other sites for free download to R users and even
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: fcampelo@ci.uc.pt (F. Campelo).
new statistical methods are often first “published” as R packages
before being adapted to commercial statistical software. R uses a
CLI meaning that commands should be entered into the R console
window to perform specific tasks. This is the preferred interface
for experienced users, with a good knowledge of the R language,
because it allows direct control on calculations and it is flexible.
For introductory, educational and sporadic use of the R language, a
Graphical User Interface (GUI) is particularly attractive. GUIs allow
the user to interact with the computer in more ways than typing,
and therefore the learning time is typically shorter as the user does
not need to remember commands, also decreasing the syntax and
typing errors. In fact, the R language has already some GUIs, like the
Rcmdr (Fox, 2005) and de ade4TkGUI (Thioulouse and Dray, 2009)
packages.
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new tool called
detrendeR, which combines GUI with R. This tool uses the most
required statistical tools for detrending tree-ring width series, as
well as chronology building and characterization. The main win-
dow of the program supplies a group of menus, buttons, and dialog
boxes to read, manipulate, analyze and visualize data, without the
need to type any command into the R console window. In addi-
tion, users with strong knowledge of R language can also type R
commands directly in the R console in association with detrendeR.
detrendeR
To correctly work under Windows, the detrendeR GUI requires
the single-document interface (SDI) to R, so that the detrendeR and
1125-7865/$ – see front matter © 2011 Istituto Italiano di Dendrocronologia. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2011.01.010