Extractable and total Fe and Mn contents of three
sand dune soils in NW Nigeria
B. A. Raji*, V. O. Chude* & I. E. Esu†
*Department of Soil Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu
Bello University, Zaria
†Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar
( R eceiv ed 4 October 1997, accepted 11 December 1997)
The profile distribution of total, diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid
(DTPA)- and 0·1 M HCl-extractable Fe and Mn were determined in 12
pedons formed on three contiguous sand dunes in the semi-arid savanna of
Nigeria. The total Fe and Mn contents varied from 100 to 3750 and 40 to
11,375 μgg
–1
, respectively. Values of 0·1 M HCl-extractable Fe and Mn
varied from 8·0 to 123 and 1·5 to 43·5 μgg
–1
, respectively. The corresponding
values of DTPA-extractable Fe and Mn were 4·5 to 16·0 and 1·0 to
38·8 μgg
–1
. Total Fe and Mn correlated significantly with clay in nearly all the
dunes ( p ² 0·01) but were not significantly correlated with organic matter.
The 0·1 M HCl-extractable Mn had a positive significant correlation with soil
pH ( r = 0·58*) in Illela dunes but a negative significant correlation with pH
in the Sangiwa dunes ( r = –0·75***). The values of extractable Fe and Mn in
the sand dune soils are above the critical limits reported in other literature,
thus deficiencies of these micronutrients do not pose a problem to crop
production in the study area.
©1998 Academic Press Limited
Keywords: total; extractable; sand dune soils; iron; manganese; semi-arid
savanna
Introduction
The problem of micronutrient deficiencies in African soils has increased with the use
of more nutrient-demanding crop varieties in place of the tradition fallow system.
Current farming practices increasingly depend on fertilizer compounds leading to
reports of micronutrient depletion (e.g. Bharadwaji & Omanwar, 1994). In view of the
many reports of micronutrient deficiency reported worldwide (Maclean & Langille,
1976; Liu et al ., 1983; Katyal & Sharma, 1991), but especially for sandy soils and soils
with ustic to aridic moisture regimes (Katyal & Sharma, 1991), a study of Nigerian
Sudano-Sahelian soils is needed.
Previous studies on different locations in Nigeria (Agboola & Corey, 1976; Lombin,
1983; Fagbami et al ., 1985) have reported deficiencies of micronutrients. Micro-
nutrients in the sand dune soils, which are currently extensively cultivated for millet
( Pennisetum typhoideum Rich), guinea corn ( S orghum bicolor (L) Moenoh) and cowpea
( Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp), need to be quantitatively studied and documented for
Journal of Arid Environments (1998) 38: 585–596
0140–1963/98/040585+ 12 $25.00/0/ae970355 © 1998 Academic Press Limited