141 Volume-4, Issue-2, April-2014, ISSN No.: 2250-0758 International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Available at: www.ijemr.net Page Number: 141-144 Comparative Implementation of Beamforming Algorithms Sonali P. Deshmukh 1 , Neha S. Ghorpade 2 , Sanyogita R. Kharat 3 , Prakash M. Mainkar 4 1,2,3,4 Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, MIT, Pune, INDIA Abstract Smart Antenna systems have become a practical reality after the advent of powerful, low cost and digital signal processing components. It is recognized as promising technologies for high user capacity in 3G wireless networks by effectively reducing multipath and co-channel interference. The capacity, data rates, null steering and coverage of the cellular system are improved by using beam- forming techniques such as the Recursive Least Square (RLS) and Least Mean Square(LMS) algorithms. Through this beam-forming technique, a base station can form narrower beam toward user and nulls toward interfering users. This paper mainly focuses on Recursive Least Square and Least Mean Square beam-forming technique.Simulation is done in MATLAB and can be takeninto consideration, to obtain the desired beam in the lookup direction.RLS gives maximum directivity in desired direction but side lobe level is more. Keywords: Smart antenna, Beam-forming, RLS algorithm I. INTRODUCTION Mobile radio network with cellular structure demand high spectral efficiency for minimizing number of connections in a given bandwidth.The deployment of smart antennas (SAs) for wireless communications has emerged as one of the leading technologies for achieving high efficiency networks that maximize capacity and improve quality and coverage.Smart antenna generally refers to any antenna array, terminated in a sophisticated signal processor, which can adjust or adapt its own beam pattern in order to emphasize signals of interest and to minimize interfering signals[1,2].Each user’s signal is transmitted and received by the base station only in the direction of that particular user.This transmission and reception of desired signal using advanced signal processing technique is known as beam-forming and is made possible through smart (advanced) signal processing at the baseband. Beam- forming is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. In this paper the Recursive Least Square and Least Mean Square algorithm optimization method used for the synthesis of antenna array radiation pattern in adaptive beam forming. II. SMART ANTENNA Smart antennas are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithm used to indentify spatial signal signature such as DOA and used it to calculate beaforming vector to track and locate target.It can increase channel capacity, extend range coverage, steer multiple beams to track many mobiles and reduce multipath fading and co- channel interference.This techniques are used notably in a acoustic signal processing ,track and scan RADAR ,Radio astronomy and mostly cellular systems.[2] Fig.1 Basic Block Diagram of Smart Antenna There are two types of smart antenna as follows 2.1 Switched beam smart antenna : This system have several available fixed beam patterns and decision is made to which beam to access. 2.2 Adaptive array smart antenna : It allows antenna to steer the beam to any direction of interest while simultaneously nulling the interfering signals.[8]