The Digital Humanities, Inc.: Literary
Criticism and the Fate of a Profession
andrew kopec
ANDREW KOPEC is an assistant profes-
sor in the Department of English and
Linguistics at Indiana University–Purdue
University, Fort Wayne, where he teaches
classes in American literature to 1900
and general education. He is complet-
ing a book manuscript, “Pacing Panic:
American Romanticism and the Business
Cycle,” which reframes Romantic litera-
ture in the nineteenth-century United
States as an art of high finance.
Rather than occasional criticism by amateurs, I should think the whole en-
terprise might be seriously taken in hand by professionals. Perhaps I use a
distasteful igure, but I have the idea that what we need is Criticism, Inc.
—John Crowe Ransom, “Criticism, Inc.” (1937)
his is a quantitative study: but its units are linguistic and rhetorical. And
the reason is simple: for me, formal analysis is the great accomplishment of
literary study, and is therefore also what any new approach—quantitative,
digital, evolutionary, whatever—must prove itself against: prove that it can
do formal analysis, better than we already do. Or at least: equally well, in a
diferent key. Otherwise, what is the point?
—Franco Moretti, “Style, Inc.: Relections on Seven housand Tit les
(British Novels, 1740–1850)” (2009)
A
T AN ANXIOUS MOMENT IN THE HISTORY OF LITERARY CRITICISM,
the contributors to Rereading the New Criticism (2012) turn to
the profession’s past to salvage its future. “hrough this proj-
ect,” Miranda Hickman, one of the volume’s editors, explains, “we
seek to . . . consider what New Critical theories and critical methods
might ofer for both literary and cultural studies in the twenty-irst
century” (“Rereading” 3–4). In reference to the diverse formal-
isms that Marjorie Levinson has discussed under the rubric of “the
new formalism,” another contributor wonders, “Why do so many
scholars want close reading back?” “[W]hat is at stake in the cur-
rent discussion of close reading,” she discerns, “is what close reading
functioned to deine and validate—both literature and the profession
of literary studies” (Devereux 222, 224). Likewise tying professional
identity to the practice of close reading, Jane Gallop has argued that
“the most valuable thing English ever had to ofer was the very thing
[
PMLA
© 2016 andrew kopec
PMLA 131.2 (2016), published by the Modern Language Association of America 324