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BHS Third International Symposium, Managing Consequences of a Changing Global Environment, Newcastle 2010
© British Hydrological Society
The CREW project: Towards a toolkit for the use of probabilistic
climate change projections
S. Blenkinsop
1
, S. Hallett
2
, I. Truckell
2
and H.J. Fowler
1
1
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University,UK;
2
National Soil Resources Institute, Cranield University, UK
Email: s.blenkinsop@ncl.ac.uk
Abstract
The CREW (Community Resilience to Extreme Weather) project aims to develop a set of tools for
improving the capacity for resilience of local communities in south-east London to the impacts
of extreme weather events. Here, probabilistic projections of local climate derived using the
UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) Weather Generator for two future time periods, the 2020s
and 2050s and assuming a medium emissions trajectory, are presented. These show that by the
2050s the central estimate of mean July maximum temperature is projected to increase by ~3°C
whilst precipitation is projected to decrease by ~21%. Within CREW these changes are applied to
produce probabilistic projections of a series of weather-related hazards, demonstrated here by the
vulnerability to clay related soil subsidence which is in part related to the Potential Soil Moisture
Deicit (PSMD). By the 2020s increased vulnerability is likely across the south and particularly
south-east of the region and by the 2050s this is extended to the central part of the region. These
changes are illustrated within the wider context of the CREW project, particularly its aims to
develop a toolkit to allow different users to evaluate potential impacts, manage the impacts on the
ground and develop intervention strategies.
Introduction
Society faces considerable challenges from the prospect of
climate change; however the large-scale climate models used
to provide projections of future climate are not designed to be
applied to the problem of assessing regional- and local-scale
impacts of climate change. Furthermore, projections of future
climate derived from models are associated with signiicant
uncertainties, especially on regional and local scales (Randall
et al., 2007). This uncertainty principally arises due to
natural variations in climate, uncertainty in the trajectory
of future greenhouse gas emissions and also in the models
themselves (Collins, 2007). Although such uncertainties may
be addressed through the use of probabilistic climate change
scenarios, to date these have only been employed to a limited
extent in impact studies. However, New et al. (2007) have
demonstrated that the output from large model ensembles
have the potential to add much useful information to decision-
making processes in climate change impact assessments.
The Community Resilience to Extreme Weather
(CREW) project seeks to use state-of-the-art probabilistic
climate change scenarios from the UK Climate Projections
(UKCP09; Murphy et al., 2009) to further our understanding
of the probability of current and future extreme weather
events (EWEs) and their likely socio-economic impacts.
Whilst initiatives, such as the Stern Review (Stern, 2006),
consider high-level socio-economic impacts they do not
provide the sub-regional or local estimates relevant at the
level of local communities and individuals. Using an area
of south-east London as a case study, the CREW project is
investigating a range of hazards at the local level including
heat waves, looding from pluvial and tidal sources, wind,
drought and subsidence. The project will use innovative
physical modelling methods integrated with social research to
improve understanding of the risks, vulnerabilities, barriers
and drivers that affect the resilience of a local community
to climate change. It is envisaged that this will facilitate an
adaptation-based approach by investigating the opportunities
for improving local communities’ adaptive capacity and
thus increase resilience to climate change (Smit and Wandel,
2006). The approach will be based on the needs of key
stakeholders, comprising householders, small and medium
size enterprises (SMEs) and local policy/decision makers.
A key means of delivering information to these groups is
the development of a ‘What-If Scenario Portal’ (WISP), a
web-based information dissemination tool for integrating
the project outputs to deliver maps, reports and guidance on
impacts and resilience measures for EWEs.
In this paper we demonstrate the CREW framework
to describe how UKCP09 probabilistic scenarios may
be generated using a stochastic weather generator and
demonstrate the nature of the projections by summarising the
main climatic changes in this area. These are used to provide
projections of future vulnerability to subsidence, one of the
hazards considered in the CREW project. Finally, the end user
delivery of this information via the WISP tool is described.
Study area and data
The South East London Resilience Zone (SELRZ) covers an
area of approximately 380 km
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comprising the ive London
boroughs of Lewisham, Greenwich, Bexley, Croydon and
Bromley, stretching from the Thames in the north to the
fringes of the North Downs to the south (Figure 1). At
the 2001 census the ive boroughs had a total population
of around 1.3 million people whilst south-east London
in general contains over 15% of London’s industrial land
area, provides over 500 000 jobs and includes part of the
Thames Corridor, designated a national priority regeneration
corridor. Furthermore, the London Plan (Mayor of London,
2008) designates this area important for London’s strategic
objectives with capacity for up to 55 000 additional homes
by 2016 and over 100 000 additional jobs projected up to
2026. Among the key strategic priorities for south-east