MANUFACTURING OF LARGE-SIZED AMPLITUDE HOLOGRAMS
FOR A SUBMM-WAVE CATR
Anne Lönnqvist*, Juha Ala-Laurinaho, Janne Häkli, Tomi Koskinen,
Ville Viikari, Jussi Säily, Juha Mallat, Jussi Tuovinen
1
, Antti V. Räisänen
MilliLab, Radio Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology
P.O. Box 3000, FIN-02015 HUT, FINLAND
Tel: + 358 9 4515971; Fax: +358 9 451 2152
e-mail: alonnqvi@cc.hut.fi
1
Millilab, VTT Information Technology
ABSTRACT
An amplitude hologram is a novel alternative as the focusing element in a CATR at
submm-wavelengths. The amplitude hologram can be manufactured using printed
circuit board technology. However, for tests of high-gain antennas, the required
size of the hologram may be several square meters. In this paper, details
concerning manufacturing of the holograms and the following tests are discussed.
Potential methods for manufacturing and joining of holograms are identified and
measured results at 310 GHz are shown.
1 COMPACT ANTENNA TEST RANGE BASED ON A HOLOGRAM
Testing of electrically large antennas operating in the submillimeter wave region is
difficult with the traditional antenna testing methods. The compact antenna test
range (CATR) based on a hologram is one possible way to solve the problem [1]. A
hologram is an interference pattern of two wavefronts. When it is illuminated with
a spherical wave, a planar wavefront comes out. In the hologram CATR, a
computer-generated binary amplitude hologram is used. An example of a hologram
pattern and a photograph of the hologram CATR test setup are presented in Figure
1. The absorbers are surrounding the hologram to prevent reflections and direct
radiation from the feed to the quiet-zone (QZ).
Receiver
Hologram
Transmitter
Absorbers
Figure 1. Measurement setup (left) and a binary amplitude hologram (right).
The hologram pattern is generated and optimized with computer simulations. The
simulations are done using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and physical
optics (PO) methods. Both phase and amplitude can be modified in the iterative
optimization process. To avoid disturbances caused by the unwanted wavemodes
which propagate straight through the structure, the hologram is designed so that the
0-7803-7330-8/02/$17.00 ©2002 IEEE 394
© 2002 IEEE. Reprinted with permission from Digest of 2002 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 4, 2002,
pp. 394-397.