Chapter 15 An Overview of Cell Culture Engineering for the Insect Cell-Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) Laura A. Palomares, Mauricio Realpe, and Octavio T. Ramı ´rez Abstract The insect cell-baculovirus protein expression vector system (BEVS) has gained increasing attention as more of its products are approved for human use. However, the system has been relevant for many years, being used for the manufacturing of recombinant veterinary vaccines, as a workhorse in the research laboratory, as an important tool for new drug discovery and as an important source of commercial materials and reagents for research. In this chapter, the key elements that should be considered for the design of a productive BEVS process are discussed, along with a presentation of the state of the art of the system. Keywords Insect cells, baculovirus expression vector system • Recombinant pro- tein production, transient gene expression 15.1 Introduction The insect cell-baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is a system for the expression of recombinant proteins that consists of a continuous insect cell line (or insect larvae) that is infected with a baculovirus containing a gene of interest. The system was developed by Gale Smith and Max Summers (Smith et al. 1983). It is a highly versatile system that can be used for the production of one recombinant protein, or to simultaneously express various genes. It has several advantages that have made it the system of choice for a wide number of applications. Some of the advantages are listed below: (a) High expression of the gene of interest. The baculovirus contains one of the strongest promoters known, the promoter of polh. At 48 h after infection, the L.A. Palomares (*) • O.T. Ramı ´rez Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologı ´a, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Me ´xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico e-mail: laura@ibt.unam.mx M. Realpe Diagnostico Clı ´nico y Molecular DICLIM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 M. Al-Rubeai (ed.), Animal Cell Culture, Cell Engineering 9, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-10320-4_15 501