Desalination 230 (2008) 205–212
Evaluation of boron removal by electrocoagulation using iron
and aluminum electrodes
G. Sayiner
a
, F. Kandemirli
b
, A. Dimoglo
a*
a
Gebze Institute of Technology, PO Box 14,1 Gebze/Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
Tel. +90 (262) 605-667; Fax: +90 (262) 653-8490; email: dimoglo@gyte.edu.tr
b
Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41100, Turkey
Received 9 February 2006; Accepted 18 October 2007
Abstract
Boron compounds are used in the variety of products manufacturing and are introduced to the environment in the
form of waste. Here the feasibility of the boron removal from wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) is studied.
Aluminum and iron were simultaneously used in the reactor as materials for cathode and anode. The results show
that the EC process for boron removal strongly depends on the current density, initial concentrations, and time. The
process is examined under varying indices in order to determine optimal operating conditions. It is important to note
the EC application needs no chemical reagents and makes the boron-containing wastewater treatment easy for
regulation and automation.
Keywords: Electrocoagulation; Al/Fe electrode; Boron wastewater
1. Introduction
Boron is an element that naturally occurs
throughout the environment. Turkey and the
United States are the world’s largest producers of
boron. Turkey has the largest boron reserve in the
world: about 63% of the world’s boron ores are in
Turkey; the average boron ores production is
about 1.3 billion tons per year [1]. The most
important boron ores in Turkey are colemanite,
*Corresponding author.
ulexite and tincal. Products, such as borax, boric
acid and sodium perborate, are obtained from
these ores. But, the trommel sieve waste (TSW)
forms in the reactor during the borax production
from tincal. The amount of this waste is about
250,000 tons/year. The TSW contains some insol-
uble and soluble boron minerals with clay.
Discharged to land, this waste dissolves by rain
water, and boron compounds pass to soil where
they form some complexes with such heavy
metals as Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, etc. Thus, the
doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.10.020
0011-9164/08/$– See front matter © 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.