Luis M. Camarinha-Matos (Ed.): DoCEIS 2011, IFIP AICT 349, pp. 565–572, 2011.
© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2011
CMOS Fully Differential Feedforward-Regulated
Folded Cascode Amplifier
Edinei Santin, Michael Figueiredo, João Goes, and Luís B. Oliveira
Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica / CTS – UNINOVA
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT) / Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)
2829-517 Caparica – Portugal
{e.santin,l.oliveira}@fct.unl.pt, {mf,jg}@uninova.pt
Abstract. A fully differential self-biased inverter-based folded cascode amplifier
which uses the feedforward-regulated cascode principle is presented. A detailed
small-signal analysis covering both the differential-mode and the common-mode
paths of the amplifier is provided. Based on these theoretical results a design is
given and transistor level simulations validate the theoretical study and also
demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed amplifier.
Keywords: fully differential amplifiers, feedforward-regulated cascode
technique, self-biasing, inverter-based, CMOS analog integrated circuits.
1 Introduction
Amplifiers are essential building blocks used frequently to build feedback networks
able to perform a variety of accurate functions, e.g. multiplication, addition,
integration, inversion, etc. The accuracy of these operations is directly dependent on
the amplifier’s gain-bandwidth product (GBW) performance [1].
Dictated by the down scaling of the digital circuits, the CMOS technology evolved
posing several obstacles to the analog circuits design in general and in particular to
the amplifiers design. Some of these obstacles are low intrinsic gain (g
m
/g
ds
) of
transistors, reduced supply voltages, high variability of devices, etc., which inevitably
deteriorate the performance of the well-known amplifier topologies. To cope with this
problem some existing amplifier topologies have been enhanced and novel topologies
have been proposed, some recent examples are [2]-[4].
In this paper we propose a fully differential self-biased inverter-based folded
cascode amplifier which uses the feedforward-regulated cascode principle firstly
presented in [4]. First, the small-signal behavior of the topology is analyzed in detail.
After, a design is outlined and transistor level simulations are presented to
demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed new topology. Finally, the main
conclusions are drawn.
2 Contribution to Sustainability
A new self-biased inverter-based transconductance amplifier topology using
feedforwad-regulated cascode devices is presented. The combination of these features