i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f m e d i c a l i n f o r m a t i c s 8 0 ( 2 0 1 1 ) xxx.e49–xxx.e61 j o ur nal ho mepage: www.ijmijournal.com Tensions of network security and collaborative work practice: Understanding a single sign-on deployment in a regional hospital Rosa R. Heckle * , Wayne G. Lutters UMBC, United States a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 5 May 2010 Received in revised form 19 October 2010 Accepted 1 February 2011 Keywords: Healthcare Authentication Security Work practices Ethnography CSCW a b s t r a c t Background: Healthcare providers and their IT staff, working in an effort to balance appro- priate accessibility with stricter security mandates, are considering the use of a single network sign-on approach for authentication and password management. Single sign-on (SSO) promises to improve usability of authentication for multiple-system users, increase compliance, and help curb system maintenance costs. However, complexities are intro- duced when SSO is placed within a collaborative environment. These complexities include unanticipated workflow implications that introduce greater security vulnerability for the individual user. Objectives and methodology: In this work, we examine the challenges of implementing a single sign-on authentication technology in a hospital environment. The aim of the study was to document the factors that affected SSO adoption within the context of use. The ultimate goal is to better inform the design of usable authentication systems within collaborative healthcare work sites. The primary data collection techniques used are ethnographically informed – observation, contextual interviews, and document review. The study included a cross-section of individuals from various departments and varying rolls. These participants were a mix of both clinical and administrative staff, as well as the Information Technology group. Results: The field work revealed fundamental mis-matches between the technology and rou- tine work practices that will significantly impact its effective adoption. While single sign-on was effective in the administrative offices, SSO was not a good fit for collaborative areas. The collaborative needs of the clinical staff unearthed tensions in its implementation. An analysis of the findings revealed that the workflow, activities, and physical environment of the clinical areas create increased security vulnerabilities for the individual user. The clinical users were cognizant of these vulnerabilities and this created resistance to the implementation due to a concern for privacy. Conclusion: From a preliminary analysis of our on-going field study at a community hospital, there appears to be a number of mismatches between the SSO vision and the realities of routine work. While we cannot conclusively say if a SSO adoption will be effective in meeting its goals in a hospital environment, we do know that it will affect the work practice and that will make the management of the SSO system problematic. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 703 983 9973. E-mail address: Rheckle@MITRE.org (R.R. Heckle). 1386-5056/$ – see front matter © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.02.001